Prevalensi dan Determinan Kejadian Penyakit Tidak Menular di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v9i2.3325Abstract
Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) masih menjadi masalah triple burden of diseases dan sebagai the silent killer bagi penderitanya karena, sering ditemukan sudah dalam tahap lanjut dan berakhir dengan kecacatan atau kematian. Kejadian PTM diantaranya adalah penyakit jantung, stroke, kanker, diabetes, ginjal dan hipertensi. Selain disebabkan oleh faktor genetik, juga terjadi akibat gaya hidup yang tidak sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan determinan kejadian PTM di laboratorium kesehatan RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. Metode penelitian dengan desain Cross-sectional, menggunakan uji korelasi chi square dan uji statistik regresi logistik berganda. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien PTM dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 96 orang yang diambil secara teknik accidental sampling. Sampel dengan kriteria inklusi adalah, pasien yang berkunjung dan memeriksakan diri di laboratorium patologi klinik RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh, bersedia menjadi responden dan menderita PTM. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara secara langsung dengan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dan data tambahan berupa data sekunder rekam medis. Prevalensi PTM paling tinggi adalah neoplasma ganas (12,6%), penyakit kardiovaskuler (10,3%), penyakit ginjal (8,7%), stroke (6,4%), diabetes mellitus (5,9%) dan hipertensi (3%). Determinan PTM dipengaruhi oleh obesitas 67,7%, aktivitas fisik kategori ringan sebanyak 65,6%, bukan perokok sebanyak 60,4%, riwayat keluarga (63,5%) dan sebanyak 76% mengalami PTM. Penyebab PTM berdasarkan korelasi chi square adalah obesitas dan riwayat keluarga dengan nilai p-value < 0,05. Variabel yang paling dominan memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap kejadian PTM adalah obesitas karena memiliki nilai koefisien regresi (B) paling besar yaitu 22,139 dengan nilai Exp B sebesar 41,639. Hal ini menyimpulkan bahwa pasien yang mengalami obesitas akan mengalami kejadian PTM sekitar 42 kali dibandingkan pasien PTM yang berbadan normal. Saran penelitian ini dapat dilanjutkan dengan melakukan perbandingan dengan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium yang diperoleh pasien PTM.
Kata Kunci: Determinan, Prevalensi, PTM, Laboratorium
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are still a triple burden of diseases problem and are the silent killer for sufferers because they are often found to be in an advanced stage and end in disability or death. PTM incidents include heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, kidney disease and hypertension. Apart from being caused by genetic factors, it also occurs due to an unhealthy lifestyle. This study aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of NCDs in the health laboratory of RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. The research method is a cross-sectional design, using the chi square correlation test and multiple logistic regression statistical tests. The population of this study was all PTM patients with a total sample of 96 people taken using accidental sampling technique. Samples with inclusion criteria were patients who visited and examined themselves at the clinical pathology laboratory at RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh, willing to be a respondent and suffering from PTM. Data were collected through direct interviews using questionnaire instruments and additional data in the form of secondary medical record data. The highest prevalence of NCDs is malignant neoplasms (12.6%), cardiovascular disease (10.3%), kidney disease (8.7%), stroke (6.4%), diabetes mellitus (5.9%) and hypertension. (3%). The determinants of NCDs were influenced by obesity at 67.7%, light physical activity at 65.6%, non-smokers at 60.4%, family history (63.5%) and as many as 76% experienced NCDs. The causes of PTM based on chi square correlation are obesity and family history with a p-value <0.05. The most dominant variable that has the greatest influence on the incidence of PTM is obesity because it has the largest regression coefficient (B) value, namely 22.139 with an Exp B value of 41.639. This concludes that patients who are obese will experience PTM events around 42 times compared to PTM patients who are normal body. This research suggestion can be continued by making a comparison with the results of laboratory examinations obtained by PTM patients.
Keywords: Determinants, Prevalence, PTM, Laboratory
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