DETERMINAN KEJADIAN DERMATITIS PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI POLIKLINIK BIDANG KEDOKTERAN DAN KESEHATAN POLDA ACEH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v10i2.4325Abstract
Dermatitis merupakan peradangan non-inflamasi pada kulit yang bersifat akut, sub-akut, atau kronis. Data kasus penyakit kulit di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya, angka kejadian dermatitis pada tahun 2019 mencapai 60,79%. Kasus dermatitis yang terjadi di Poliklinik Bidang Kedokteran dan pada tahun 2020 terdapat 200 kasus, tahun 2021 terdapat 204 kasus, dan tahun 2022 sebanyak 160 kasus dermatitis. Tujuan untuk mengetahui determinan jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan dan pekerjaan dengan kejadian dermatitis pada pasien rawat jalan di Poliklinik Bidang Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Polda Aceh. Jenis penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Populasi dalam penelitian ini merupakan pasien yang berkunjung pada bulan Januari sampai Maret 2023, yang dibagi menjadi populasi kasus (83 orang) dan populasi kontrol (2259 orang), perbandingan sampel 1:1 dengan sampel kasus 83 : sampel kontrol 83. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar ceklis. Penelitian telah dilakukan tanggal 20 Maret sampai 6 April 2023 di Poliklinik Bidang Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Polda Aceh. Pengolahan data dengan langkah editing, coding, data entry, tabulating, dan analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian analisis bivariat diperoleh variabel jenis kelamin (p-value = 0.572, OR=1,329), Usia (p-value = 0.012, OR=2,326), pendidikan (p-value = 0.163, OR=2,705), dan Pekerjaan (p-value = 0.025, OR=2,550). Kesimpulan responden berjenis kelamin perempuan mempunyai peluang 1,3 kali mengalami dermatitis dibandingkan dengan laki-laki. Responden usia berisiko mempunyai peluang 2,3 kali lebih besar mengalami dermatitis. Responden berpendidikan rendah mempunyai peluang 2,7 kali mengalami dermatitis. Responden dengan jenis pekerjaan berisiko mempunyai peluang 2,5 kali lebih besar mengalami dermatitis dibandingkan dengan responden dengan jenis pekerjaan tidak berisiko. Saran bagi petugas kesehatan dapat memberikan penanganan secara tepat bagi pasien dermatitis dan memberikan edukasi kepada seluruh pasien yang berkunjung ke poliklinik Biddokes Polda Aceh tentang dermatitis.
Kata Kunci   : Dermatitis, jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan, pekerjaan
Dermatitis is a non-inflammatory inflammation of the skin that is acute, sub-acute, or chronic. Data on skin disease cases in Indonesia has increased every year, the incidence of dermatitis in 2019 reached 60.79%. Dermatitis cases occurred in the Medical Polyclinic and in 2020 there were 200 cases, in 2021 there were 204 cases, and in 2022 there were 160 cases of dermatitis. Objective to determine the determinants of gender, age, education and occupation with the incidence of dermatitis in outpatients at the Aceh Regional Police Medical and Health Polyclinic. A type of analytic research with a case control approach. The population in this study were patients who visited from January to March 2023, which were divided into a case population (83 people) and a control population (2259 people), a sample ratio of 1:1 with a sample of 83 cases: 83 controls. The research instrument used sheets checklist. The research was conducted from March 20 to April 6 2023 at the Aceh Regional Police Medical and Health Polyclinic. Processing data by editing, coding, data entry, tabulating, and data analysis using univariate and bivariate methods. Research results of the bivariate analysis showed that the variables were gender (p-value = 0.572, OR=1.329), age (p-value = 0.012, OR=2.326), education (p-value = 0.163, OR=2.705), and occupation (p- value = 0.025, OR=2.550). Conclusions Female respondents have a 1.3 times chance of experiencing dermatitis compared to males. Respondents at risk have a 2.3 times greater chance of experiencing dermatitis than those at age who are not at risk. Respondents with low education have a 2.7 times chance of experiencing dermatitis compared to those with higher education. Respondents with risky occupations have a 2.5 times greater chance of experiencing dermatitis compared to respondents with non-risk occupations. Suggestions for health workers to be able to provide appropriate treatment for dermatitis patients and provide education to all patients who visit the Biddokes Polda Aceh polyclinic about dermatitis.
Keywords: Dermatitis, gender, age, education, occupation
Â
References
Afif, et all. 2019. Infeksi Bakteri di Kulit. Buku Seri Dermatologi dan Venerologi. Airlangga University Press. Jawa Timur
American Academy of Allergy Astshma & Immunology. 2022. Updates in Atopic Dermatitis: The Allergist’s Guide to Optimizing Care. https://education.aaaai.org/allergic-and-immunologic-skin-diseases/ADUpdates
Diana CP, Marniati, Husna A, dan Khairunnas. 2021. Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Dermatitis di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Alue Rambot Kecamatan Darul Makmur Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Jurnal Jurmakesmas Vol. 1 Nomor 2. E-ISSN 2808-5264
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Aceh. 2017. Profil Kesehatan Aceh 2017. Aceh
Djuanda., Adhi. 2010. Ilmu Penyakit Kulit dan Kelamin. Jakarta : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.
Earlia, et al. 2021. Dermatitis Atopik. Banda Aceh : Syiah Kuala University Press
Ernyasih, et al. 2022. Hubungan Personal Hygiene dengan Kejadian Penyakit Dermatitis di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Poris Gaga Lama. Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. Vol 18, No.1 2022.
Irianto. 2014. Epidemiologi Penyakit Menular dan Tidak Menular Panduan Klinis. Bandung : Alfabeta.
Jannah R, Kurniawan R, dan Nora S. 2020. Prevalensi Penderita Dermatitis Kontak di Poli Kulit dan Kelamin Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Meuraxa Kota Banda Aceh Periode Tahun 2015-2018. Kandidiat:Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Pendidikan Vol 2, Nomor 2. E-ISSN : 2715-3126
Kemenkes RI. 2019. Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018.. Penerbit : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kemenkes RI.
Kemenkes RI, 2020. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2019. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Maharani. 2015. Penyakit Kulit Perawatan, Pencegahan, dan Pengobatan. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Batu Press.
Nabillah R. 2021. Prevalensi Dermatitis Seboroik di Poli Kulit dan Kelamin RSUD Meuraxa Kota Banda Aceh Periode Tahun 2016-2019. Jurnal Health Sains Vol. 2, Nomor 1. P-ISSN : 2723-4339. E-ISSN : 2548-1398
Pardiansyah, R. 2015. Association Between Personal Protective Equipment With The Irritan Contact Dermatitis In Scavengers. Skripsi. Universitas Lampung
Pietro, M., D. 2021. What Is Dermatitis?. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/dermatitis.
Pramana., dan Utami. 2021. Hubungan Higiene Perorangan Dan Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri Dengan Ksejadian Dermatitis Kontak Akibat Kerja Pada Pekerja Pengangkut Sampah Di Dlhk Kota Denpasar. Jurnal Arc.Com.Health, Agustus 2021, Vol, 8, No.2, e-issn 2527-3620
Widoyono. 2018. Penyakit Tropis Epidemiologi, Penularan, Pencegahan dan Pemberantasannya. Jakarta : Erlangga.
Downloads
Issue
Section
License
I. ORIGINALITY, AUTHORSHIP, AND COPYRIGHT
The manuscripts submitted for publication must be research works written in English that have not been previously published and  are not being considered for publication elsewhere. All the authors must have agreed to the submission and to the order of their names on the title page. They must also have agreed that the corresponding author may act on their behalf throughout the editorial review and publication process. The corresponding author is responsible for obtaining such agreement.
Requests for changes in authorship (order of listing or addition or deletion of names) after submission should be accompanied by signed statements of agreement from all the parties involved. To maintain and protect the publisher‘s ownership and rights and to protect the original authors from misappropriations of their published work, author(s) are required to sign a Journal Publishing Agreement and send it to the editorial office (jhtm@uui.ac.id).
II. PERMISSION
The author is responsible for acquiring the permission(s) to reproduce any copyrighted figures, tables, data, or text that are being used in the submitted paper. Authors should note that text quotations of more than 250 words from a published or copyrighted work will require grant of permission from the original publisher to reprint. The written permission letter(s) must be submitted together with the manuscript.
III. EDITORIAL REVIEW AND REVISION
All papers will be critically read by at least two anonymous reviewers, selected for their competence in the subject area of the paper. Acceptance of the paper will depend upon its scientific merit and suitability for the journal. A paper may be accepted in its original form or subject to revision.
The reviewers' (and editor's) suggestions will be conveyed to the author, who will then have an opportunity to revise the paper. A manuscript returned to an author for revision can be held for a maximum of eight weeks.
The accepted paper will be edited by native English speakers. The cost of language editing service is currently free.
IV. PROOFS
Galley proofs (PDF format) for an accepted article will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author for copyediting corrections. The core content of an article cannot be changed at this time. It is the author's responsibility to check the entire manuscript, including tables, figure legends, and cited reference numbers, not just the items queried. The proofs should be corrected and mailed to the editorial office within 48 hours of receipt in order to expedite publication. Only one set of corrections will be accepted. In other words, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent to us in one communication.
V. Â REPRINTS
Five free reprint copies of the published article will be shipped to the corresponding authors in Indonesia only, approximately two weeks after the issue is printed. Authors, including overseas authors, who wish to purchase reprints, are required to complete the Reprint Order Form, which will be sent with the galley proofs to corresponding authors. This form must be returned together with the corrected galley proofs.
