STUDI DIFUSI OBAT SECARA IN VITRO PADA BERBAGAI SEDIAAN FARMASI TRANSDERMAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v11i2.5746Abstract
Pengembangan sistem penghantaran obat melalui rute transdermal terus menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan seiring kemampuannya dalam menyediakan pelepasan obat yang lebih terkontrol, meningkatkan kepatuhan terapi, serta meminimalkan efek metabolisme lintas pertama di hati. Meskipun demikian, keberagaman desain formulasi dan variasi metode evaluasi menyebabkan hasil uji difusi in vitro antarpenelitian sulit dibandingkan secara setara. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan membandingkan berbagai pendekatan sistem transdermal berdasarkan parameter difusi in vitro guna mengidentifikasi determinan utama yang memengaruhi permeasi obat melalui kulit. Penelitian disusun dalam bentuk narrative literature review terhadap publikasi periode 2020–2025 yang diakses melalui Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, DOAJ, dan Google Scholar. Artikel yang diikutsertakan merupakan studi yang melaporkan parameter fluks, koefisien permeabilitas, lag time, serta pelepasan kumulatif menggunakan metode Franz diffusion cell. Sebanyak 22 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif-komparatif dengan mempertimbangkan jenis sediaan, komposisi formulasi, metode pengujian, dan karakteristik membran. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa sistem vesikular dan nanoformulasi seperti etosom, transfersom, nanoemulgel, nanopartikel, dan solid lipid nanoparticle cenderung menghasilkan peningkatan fluks dan penurunan lag time yang lebih nyata dibandingkan sistem patch matriks konvensional, yang berkaitan dengan ukuran partikel yang lebih kecil dan fleksibilitas struktur pembawanya. Teknologi microneedle menunjukkan laju difusi paling cepat, meskipun implementasinya masih dibatasi oleh aspek biaya dan kompleksitas manufaktur. Secara keseluruhan, performa difusi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor formulasi dan metodologis, sehingga diperlukan harmonisasi metode uji, studi komparatif langsung, serta verifikasi in vivo dan uji stabilitas untuk memperkuat relevansi klinis dan aplikabilitas industrinya. Kata Kunci: Sistem transdermal, difusi in vitro, permeasi kulit, nanoformulasi.References
Ahmed, S., Khan, R., & Ali, M. (2022). Development and evaluation of liposomal gel for enhanced transdermal drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 612, 121345. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/ijpharm.2022.121345
Aisyah, S., & Rifa’i, A. (2022). Difusi pada lapisan batas antara dua fluida yang dipanaskan. Jurnal PIPA (Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam), 3(2)
Amalia, A., Putri, D. A., & Kurniawan, R. (2023). Formulation and in vitro diffusion study of herbal extract transdermal gel. Jurnal Farmasi Udayana, 12(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/jfu.2023.12205
Chandra, P., Verma, S., & Tiwari, A. (2021). In vitro permeation study of polymeric transdermal film using Franz diffusion cell. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 47(8), 1234–1242. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/ddip.2021.47809
Cindana, F. R., Lestari, I., & Rahmawati, D. (2025). Evaluation of matrix-type transdermal patch using in vitro diffusion method. Jurnal Farmanesia, 9(1), 15–24.
Devina, C., Hartono, Y., & Saputra, E. (2022). Nanoemulgel formulation and in vitro diffusion evaluation for transdermal drug delivery. JRIKUF, 4(2), 66–74.
Garcia, M. L., Torres, J., & Ramirez, P. (2022). Effect of adhesive polymers on drug diffusion in transdermal patches. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 168, 106042. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/ejps.2022.106042
Hassan, A., Mahmoud, R., & El-Sayed, N. (2023). Solid lipid nanoparticles for enhanced transdermal delivery: In vitro permeation study. Pharmaceutics, 15(3), 890. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/pharmaceutics.15030890
Jannah, S. R. N., Wahyuni, S., & Pratama, A. (2024). Optimization of emulgel formulation and in vitro diffusion study. Jurnal MP, 11(1), 44–52.
Kumar, D., Singh, H., & Kaur, P. (2023). Ethosomal gel as a novel carrier for transdermal drug delivery: In vitro evaluation. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 78, 103897. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/jddst.2023.103897
Laily, F., Nurjanah, A., & Santoso, B. (2024). Penetrasi sediaan gel transfersom natrium diklofenak menggunakan metode sel difusi Franz. Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia, 10(2), 656–663.
Lee, J. H., Park, S. Y., & Kim, Y. J. (2020). Hydrogel-based transdermal patch: In vitro permeation and release kinetics study. Carbohydrate Polymers, 230, 115641. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/carbpol.2020.115641
Li, X., Zhao, Y., & Chen, L. (2024). Dissolving microneedle patch for enhanced transdermal drug delivery: In vitro permeation study. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 14(2), 456–468. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/apsb.2024.02.005
Maulida, P., et al. (2025). Pengaruh propilenglikol terhadap karakterisasi dan laju difusi etosome kalium diklofenak sebagai sistem penghantaran transdermal. Jurnal Farmanesia, 12(1), 12–18.
Patel, V., Shah, P., & Desai, T. (2021). Formulation and evaluation of matrix-type transdermal patches using permeation enhancer. AAPS PharmSciTech, 22(4), 150. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/aaps.2021.150
Purnamasari, N., et al. (2023). Karakteristik fisik dan laju difusi in vitro sediaan transdermal patch domperidon menggunakan polimer turunan metil metakrilat–asam metakrilat. Jurnal Kartika Kimia, 6(2), 123–130.
Purnamasari, N., Hidayat, T., & Sari, M. (2024). Effect of polymer concentration on in vitro drug diffusion of transdermal patch. Jurnal Kartika Kimia, 7(2), 101–109.
Rahman, M., Islam, T., & Chowdhury, A. (2021). Development of Eudragit-based matrix film for transdermal delivery. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 11(5), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/japs.2021.110516
Sharma, R., Gupta, A., & Mehta, S. (2020). Nanoemulgel formulation for enhanced transdermal drug diffusion. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 15, 7895–7906. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/ijn.2020.7895
Singh, B., Kaur, L., & Arora, S. (2020). Nanoemulsion-based transdermal drug delivery system: In vitro and ex vivo permeation study. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 186, 110704. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/csb.2020.110704
Suryani, T., Marini, Y., & Nugroho, H. R. (2023). Formulasi dan evaluasi emulgel celecoxib dengan Tween 80 dan lesitin untuk penghantaran obat transdermal. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 11(2), 243–252.
Wang, H., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2022). Nanoparticle-loaded gel for enhanced transdermal permeation: In vitro evaluation. Materials Science and Engineering C, 131, 112512. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/msec.2022.112512
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
I. ORIGINALITY, AUTHORSHIP, AND COPYRIGHT
The manuscripts submitted for publication must be research works written in English that have not been previously published and  are not being considered for publication elsewhere. All the authors must have agreed to the submission and to the order of their names on the title page. They must also have agreed that the corresponding author may act on their behalf throughout the editorial review and publication process. The corresponding author is responsible for obtaining such agreement.
Requests for changes in authorship (order of listing or addition or deletion of names) after submission should be accompanied by signed statements of agreement from all the parties involved. To maintain and protect the publisher‘s ownership and rights and to protect the original authors from misappropriations of their published work, author(s) are required to sign a Journal Publishing Agreement and send it to the editorial office (jhtm@uui.ac.id).
II. PERMISSION
The author is responsible for acquiring the permission(s) to reproduce any copyrighted figures, tables, data, or text that are being used in the submitted paper. Authors should note that text quotations of more than 250 words from a published or copyrighted work will require grant of permission from the original publisher to reprint. The written permission letter(s) must be submitted together with the manuscript.
III. EDITORIAL REVIEW AND REVISION
All papers will be critically read by at least two anonymous reviewers, selected for their competence in the subject area of the paper. Acceptance of the paper will depend upon its scientific merit and suitability for the journal. A paper may be accepted in its original form or subject to revision.
The reviewers' (and editor's) suggestions will be conveyed to the author, who will then have an opportunity to revise the paper. A manuscript returned to an author for revision can be held for a maximum of eight weeks.
The accepted paper will be edited by native English speakers. The cost of language editing service is currently free.
IV. PROOFS
Galley proofs (PDF format) for an accepted article will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author for copyediting corrections. The core content of an article cannot be changed at this time. It is the author's responsibility to check the entire manuscript, including tables, figure legends, and cited reference numbers, not just the items queried. The proofs should be corrected and mailed to the editorial office within 48 hours of receipt in order to expedite publication. Only one set of corrections will be accepted. In other words, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent to us in one communication.
V. Â REPRINTS
Five free reprint copies of the published article will be shipped to the corresponding authors in Indonesia only, approximately two weeks after the issue is printed. Authors, including overseas authors, who wish to purchase reprints, are required to complete the Reprint Order Form, which will be sent with the galley proofs to corresponding authors. This form must be returned together with the corrected galley proofs.
