Efektivitas Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Sebagai Repelent Alami
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v6i1.882Abstract
Abstrak
Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang beriklim tropis, sehingga sangat mendukung dalam perkembangbiakan nyamuk sepanjang tahun. Nyamuk merupakan salah satu vektor yang memiliki tingkat penyebaran penyakit yang tinggi dibanding beberapa jenis serangga lainnya, sehingga sampai saat ini masalah kejadian penyakit yang ditularkan vektor nyamuk (mosquito borne disease) masih menjadi perhatian yang utama. Upaya pengembangan insektisida alami terhadap larva nyamuk adalah salah satu solusi yang sangat baik untuk saat ini, karena bahan dasar insektisida alami merupakan tumbuhan yang bersifat toksik terhadap serangga namun tidak mencemari lingkungan, tidak meninggalkan residu di udara, air dan tanah, mudah terdegradasi serta memiliki tingkat keamanan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan racun-racun anorganik. Informasi tentang daun belimbing wuluh sebagai larvasida dengan pelarut etanol sudah ada dilaporkan, akan tetapi pengujian terhadap metode repelent yang dilarutkan dengan metanol, etil asetat dan n-hexan masih kurang.
Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat perbandingan tingkat potensi daun belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) sebagai insektisida alami yang dilarutkan dengan sifat pelarut yang berbeda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan menggunakan metode repelent. Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh yang dilarutkan dalam tiga jenis larutan yaitu metanol, etil asetat dan n-hexan. Data pengujian repelent ditentukan dari tingkat daya proteksi nyamuk. Analisa data menggunakan anova dengan uji lanjut BNT (beda nyata terkecil).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh yang dilarutkan dengan ketiga jenis pelarut pada metode repelent memiliki pengaruh terhadap tingkat daya proteksi. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh berpotensi sebagai repelent, tingkat daya proteksi yang paling tinggi dilarutkan dengan pelarut metahol, etil asetat dengan tingkat daya proteksi paling rendah n-hexan.
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Kata kunci: Nyamuk, Repelent, Daun Belimbing Wuluh
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