Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pencegahan Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) Dengan Kekambuhan ISPA Pada Balita
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v9i1.2824Abstract
Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama, hal ini disebabkan masih meningkatnya balita kematian ISPA karena pneumonia pada balita. ISPA merupakan masalah kesehatan yang terbesar terutama dinegara berkembang. Kematian akibat ISPA terutama pneumonia sebesar 13,5% (1,5 juta) dari Angka Kematian Total (11,1 juta). Kematian pada penderita ISPA terjadi jika penyakit telah mencapai derajat ISPA yang berat. Paling sering kematian terjadi karena infeksi telah mencapai paru-paru. Keadaan ini disebut sebagai radang paru mendadak atau pneumonia. Upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan orang tua mengenai penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA), mengatur pola makan dengan tujuan memenuhi nutrisi balita, menciptakan lingkungan yang nyaman serta menghindari faktor pencetus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dalam pencegahan ISPA dengan kekambuhan ISPA pada balita di BPM Talitha Sunggal, Sumatra Utara. Desain penelitian yang dilakukan adalah Survey Analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 52 ibu balita. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan analisa data dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Â Dari hasil penelitian didapat pengetahuan baik dalam pencegahan ISPA sebanyak 53,8%, memiliki lingkungan yang cukup dalam pencegahan ISPA sebanyak 50%, peran orang tua baik kepada anak tentang pencegahan ISPA sebanyak 48,1%. Ada hubungan pengetahuan (sig. 0,015), lingkungan (sig. 0,036) dan peran orang tua (sig. 0,000) dalam pencegahan ISPA dengan kekambuhan ISPA pada balita di BPM Talitah Sunggal, Sumatra Utara. Kesimpulan penelitian ini dimana pengetahuan, lingkungan dan peran orang tua berhubungan dengan kekambuhan ISPA pada balita.
Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Sikap, Peran Orang tua, Pola Makan, Lingkungan, ISPA
Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is one of the major public health problems, due to the increase in ARI deaths due to pneumonia in toddlers. ARI is a major health problem, especially in developing countries. Deaths due to ARI, especially pneumonia, amounted to 13.5% (1.5 million) of the total mortality rate (11.1 million). Death in patients with ARI occurs if the disease has reached a severe degree of ARI. Most often death occurs because the infection has reached the lungs. This situation is referred to as sudden pneumonia. Prevention efforts that can be done are increasing parental knowledge about Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI), regulating diet with the aim of fulfilling toddler nutrition, creating a comfortable environment and avoiding precipitating factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with ARI prevention with ARI recurrence in toddlers at BPM Talitha Sunggal, North Sumatra. The research design conducted was Analytical Survey with cross sectional approach. The sample in this study were 52 mothers of toddlers. Data collection using questionnaires and data analysis using chi square test. From the results of the study obtained good knowledge in preventing ARI as much as 53.8%, having a sufficient environment in preventing ARI as much as 50%, the role of good parents to children about ARI prevention as much as 48.1%. There is a relationship between knowledge (sig. 0.015), environment (sig. 0.036) and the role of parents (sig. 0.000) in the prevention of ARI with the recurrence of ARI in toddlers at BPM Talitah Sunggal, North Sumatra. The conclusion of this study is that knowledge, environment and the role of parents are associated with the recurrence of ARI in toddlers.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Parental Role, Diet, Environment, ARI
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