FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENYAKIT MALARIA PADA MASYARAKAT DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KRUENG SABEE KABUPATEN ACEH JAYA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v10i2.4408Abstract
Malaria merupakan salah satu penyaki yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Kabupaten Aceh Jaya dengan angka kesakita 1,51/1000 penduduk pada tahun 2018 dan di Puskesmas Krueng Sabee sebanyak 21 kasus dan Puskesmas Krueng Sabee khususnya di Puskesmas Krueng Sabee dan merupakan puskesmas tertinggi kasus malaria diantara puskesmas lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyakit malaria pada masyarakat di wilayah kerja puskesmas Krueng Sabee Kabupaten Aceh Jaya. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan desain case control study. Populasi adalah penderita positif malaria yang diperiksa oleh petugas Puskesmas Krueng Sabee Kabupaten Aceh Jaya berdasarkan data hasil laboratorium dari bulan Januari 2018 sampai dengan Maret 2019 sebanyak 21 orang. Sampel penelitian seabanyak 42 orang yang terdiri dari 21 orang kasus dan 21 orang sebagai kontrol. Pengumpulan pada bulan Januari 2020 dengan observasi dan wawancara. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisa univariat dan bivariat. Uji statistik yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis dengan uji statistik regresi logistic dengan ketentuan bermakna jika p<0,05. Hasil analisis univariat diperoleh kasus malaria pada laki-laki (58,6%), pekerjaan berisiko (78,9%), kebiasaan keluar mala (70,6%), tidak menggunakan kelambu (64,5%), tidak memakai kawat kasa (59,3%), tidak memakai insektisida (76,9%) dan pengetahuan kurang (65,3%). Hasi uji statistik dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan pekerjaan (OR=4, P value= 0,034), kebiasaan keluar malam (OR=4,2, P value= 0,032), penggunaan kelambu (OR=5,6, P value= 0,014), pemakaian insektisida (OR=5,4, P value= 0,026) dan pengetahuan (OR=4, P value= 0,034) dengan kejadian malaria. Diharapkan Kepada Puskesmas Krueng Sabee agar dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang malaria sehingga dapat merubah perilaku yang berisiko terhadap malaria seperti kebiasaan keluar malam, penggunaan kelambu, kawat kasa dan obat nyamuk.
Kata Kunci : Malaria, case control
Malaria is one of the diseases that is still a health problem in Aceh Jaya Regency with a morbidity rate of 1.51/1000 population in 2018 and in the Krueng Sabee Health Center there were 21 cases and the Krueng Sabee Health Center especially in the Krueng Sabee Health Center and is the health center with the highest malaria cases among other health centers. This study aims to determine the factors associated with malaria in the community in the work area of the Krueng Sabee Health Center, Aceh Jaya Regency. This study is descriptive analytical with a case control study design. The population is positive malaria sufferers who were examined by officers at the Krueng Sabee Health Center, Aceh Jaya Regency based on laboratory data from January 2018 to March 2019 as many as 21 people. The research sample was 42 people consisting of 21 cases and 21 people as controls. Collection in January 2020 with observation and interviews. The analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis. Statistical tests used to test the hypothesis with logistic regression statistical tests with significant provisions if p <0.05. The results of the univariate analysis obtained malaria cases in men (58.6%), risky jobs (78.9%), nighttime habits (70.6%), not using mosquito nets (64.5%), not using wire nets (59.3%), not using insecticides (76.9%) and lack of knowledge (65.3%). The results of the statistical test can be concluded that there is a relationship between work (OR = 4, P value = 0.034), nighttime habits (OR = 4.2, P value = 0.032), use of mosquito nets (OR = 5.6, P value = 0.014), use of insecticides (OR = 5.4, P value = 0.026) and knowledge (OR = 4, P value = 0.034) with the incidence of malaria. It is expected that the Krueng Sabee Health Center can increase public knowledge about malaria so that it can change behaviors that are at risk of malaria such as the habit of going out at night, using mosquito nets, wire nets and mosquito repellent.
Keywords: Malaria, case control
References
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2023. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Sumber ini memberikan data kesehatan nasional, termasuk angka insiden dan prevalensi malaria, serta informasi tentang intervensi kesehatan yang dilakukan di wilayah-wilayah endemik.
Bappeda Aceh. (2023). Laporan Tahunan Kesehatan Provinsi Aceh. Banda Aceh: Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Aceh. Publikasi ini mencakup informasi mengenai distribusi penyakit menular di Aceh, termasuk faktor-faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhi malaria di wilayah pesisir dan pedalaman.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). World Malaria Report 2022. Geneva: WHO. Laporan ini memberikan analisis global mengenai penyebaran malaria, strategi pencegahan, dan kontrol malaria yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam konteks daerah-daerah endemik seperti Aceh Jaya.
National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD). (2023). Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) Report 2023. Jakarta: Ministry of Health. Riskesdas menyediakan data prevalensi penyakit menular di tingkat provinsi dan kabupaten, termasuk analisis faktor risiko sosial dan lingkungan.
Rochmah, M. M., dan Sulistyawati, M. (2021). "Hubungan Perilaku Masyarakat dengan Kejadian Malaria di Daerah Endemik." Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 20(3), 243-251. Artikel ini mengkaji hubungan antara perilaku kesehatan masyarakat dan kejadian malaria, yang relevan dengan faktor perilaku di Aceh Jaya.
Nurjazuli, D., dan Astuti, W. (2020). "Faktor Lingkungan dan Sosial yang Mempengaruhi Malaria di Daerah Tropis." Jurnal Epidemiologi Indonesia, 15(1), 12-18. Penelitian ini membahas dampak faktor-faktor lingkungan terhadap kejadian malaria, yang berguna untuk memahami kondisi di Puskesmas Krueng Sabee.
Mardiana, R., dan Susilawati, R. (2021). "Efektivitas Penggunaan Kelambu Berinsektisida dalam Mencegah Malaria di Wilayah Endemik." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 16(2), 110-117. Artikel ini membahas intervensi kelambu berinsektisida sebagai salah satu metode pengendalian malaria yang efektif.
Dinas Kesehatan Aceh. (2022). Laporan Malaria di Aceh: Kondisi dan Intervensi. Banda Aceh: Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Aceh. Laporan ini menjelaskan program-program pengendalian malaria dan analisis keberhasilannya di berbagai kabupaten termasuk Aceh Jaya.
Putri, L. M., dan Yuniar, T. (2022). "Analisis Risiko Penyebaran Malaria Berdasarkan Faktor Iklim dan Lingkungan di Sumatera." Jurnal Lingkungan dan Kesehatan, 13(4), 211-221. Artikel ini relevan untuk analisis faktor iklim di Aceh Jaya dan kaitannya dengan risiko penyebaran malaria.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kesehatan. Bandung: Alfabeta. Buku ini menjadi acuan dalam metode penelitian kesehatan, termasuk dalam merancang penelitian yang berfokus pada faktor risiko penyakit menular seperti malaria.
Downloads
Issue
Section
License
I. ORIGINALITY, AUTHORSHIP, AND COPYRIGHT
The manuscripts submitted for publication must be research works written in English that have not been previously published and  are not being considered for publication elsewhere. All the authors must have agreed to the submission and to the order of their names on the title page. They must also have agreed that the corresponding author may act on their behalf throughout the editorial review and publication process. The corresponding author is responsible for obtaining such agreement.
Requests for changes in authorship (order of listing or addition or deletion of names) after submission should be accompanied by signed statements of agreement from all the parties involved. To maintain and protect the publisher‘s ownership and rights and to protect the original authors from misappropriations of their published work, author(s) are required to sign a Journal Publishing Agreement and send it to the editorial office (jhtm@uui.ac.id).
II. PERMISSION
The author is responsible for acquiring the permission(s) to reproduce any copyrighted figures, tables, data, or text that are being used in the submitted paper. Authors should note that text quotations of more than 250 words from a published or copyrighted work will require grant of permission from the original publisher to reprint. The written permission letter(s) must be submitted together with the manuscript.
III. EDITORIAL REVIEW AND REVISION
All papers will be critically read by at least two anonymous reviewers, selected for their competence in the subject area of the paper. Acceptance of the paper will depend upon its scientific merit and suitability for the journal. A paper may be accepted in its original form or subject to revision.
The reviewers' (and editor's) suggestions will be conveyed to the author, who will then have an opportunity to revise the paper. A manuscript returned to an author for revision can be held for a maximum of eight weeks.
The accepted paper will be edited by native English speakers. The cost of language editing service is currently free.
IV. PROOFS
Galley proofs (PDF format) for an accepted article will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author for copyediting corrections. The core content of an article cannot be changed at this time. It is the author's responsibility to check the entire manuscript, including tables, figure legends, and cited reference numbers, not just the items queried. The proofs should be corrected and mailed to the editorial office within 48 hours of receipt in order to expedite publication. Only one set of corrections will be accepted. In other words, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent to us in one communication.
V. Â REPRINTS
Five free reprint copies of the published article will be shipped to the corresponding authors in Indonesia only, approximately two weeks after the issue is printed. Authors, including overseas authors, who wish to purchase reprints, are required to complete the Reprint Order Form, which will be sent with the galley proofs to corresponding authors. This form must be returned together with the corrected galley proofs.
