Hubungan Umur dan Paritas Ibu dengan Tindakan Sectio Caesarea di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Banda Aceh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v8i1.2018Abstrak
Komplikasi masa kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting, jika tidak ditanggulangi bisa menyebabkan kematian ibu yang tinggi. Tragedi yang mencemaskan dalam proses reproduksi salah satunya kematian yang terjadi pada ibu. Keberadaan seorang ibu adalah tonggak untuk keluarga sejahtera. Sectio caesarea adalah pengeluaran janin melalui insisi abdomen. Persalinan ini digunakan jika kondisi ibu menimbulkan distress pada janin atau jika telah terjadi distress janin. Berdasarkan survey WHO tahun 2008 di tiga benua, yakni Amerika Latin, Afrika dan Asia dilaporkan bahwa angka Persalinan sectio caesarea mencapai 25,7%, angka terendah di Angola 2,3% sampai angka tertinggi 46,2% di Cina. Angka persalinan section caesarea tanpa indikasi medis di 23 negara dalam tiga benua tersebut adalah 0,01 - 2,10%. Rata-rata persalinan section caersarea di Amerika mencapai 32%. Â Sedangkan di Indonesia sendiri tahun 2003 mencapai 4,1% dan meningkat pada tahun 2007 mencapai 18%. Menurut WHO kematian ibu adalah kematian seorang perempuan dalam masa hamil atau dalam 42 hari setelah kehamilan berakhir dengan sebab apapun, tindakan yang dilakukan untuk mengakhiri kehamilan. Pada tahun 2013 AKI didunia sebesar 210 kematian per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, sedangkan di negara berkembang 14 kali lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan negara maju, yaitu 230 per 100.000 kelahiran. Data yang didapatkan dari Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Banda menunjukkan kasus persalinan seksio sesarea pada tahun 2020 sebesar 62% dari 110 persalinan yaitu sebanyak 68 persalinan seksio sesarea. Kemudian pada tahun 2021 jumlah persalinan seksio sesarea meningkat menjadi 69 % dari 112 persalinan yaitu sebanyak 77 persalinan seksio sesarea. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan usia ibu dan paritas dengan tindakan sectio caesarea di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Banda Aceh. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang sudah bersalin di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara periode Januari-Desember 2021 sebanyak 235 orang. Sampel penelitian ini diambil menggunakan rumus Slovin sejumlah 71 orang. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis bivariate.
Kata Kunci: usia, paritas, sectio caesarea
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Complications during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium are important health problems, if not addressed can cause high maternal mortality. One of the worrying tragedies in the reproductive process is the death that occurs in the mother. The existence of a mother is a milestone for a prosperous family. Sectio caesarea is the expulsion of the fetus through an abdominal incision. This delivery is used if the mother's condition causes fetal distress or if fetal distress has occurred. Based on a 2008 WHO survey on three continents, namely Latin America, Africa and Asia, it was reported that the delivery rate for sectio caesarea reached 25.7%, the lowest rate in Angola was 2.3% and the highest rate was 46.2% in China. The rate of caesarean section deliveries without medical indications in 23 countries on the three continents is 0.01 - 2.10%. The average caesarean section delivery in America reaches 32%. While in Indonesia alone in 2003 it reached 4.1% and increased in 2007 to reach 18%. According to WHO, maternal death is the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy from any cause, by any action taken to terminate the pregnancy. In 2013 the MMR in the world was 210 deaths per 100,000 live births, while in developing countries it was 14 times higher than in developed countries, which was 230 per 100,000 live births. Data obtained from Bhayangkara Banda Hospital showed cases of cesarean section delivery in 2020 amounted to 62% of 110 deliveries, namely 68 cesarean deliveries. Then in 2021 the number of deliveries by cesarean section increased to 69% from 112 deliveries, namely 77 deliveries by cesarean section. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal age and parity with sectio caesarea at Bhayangkara Hospital Banda Aceh. The population in this study were all pregnant women who had given birth at Bhayangkara Hospital for the period January-December 2021 as many as 235 people. The sample of this study was taken using the Slovin formula of 71 people. The analysis used is bivariate analysis.
Keywords: age, parity, sectio caesareaReferensi
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