Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Bawang Lanang (Allium sativum L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v8i2.2479Abstrak
Obat tradisional telah lama digunakan oleh nenek moyang untuk menyembuhkan berbagi macam penyakit, tanpa mengetahui kandungan dalam bahan obat tersebut. Pengguna obat tradisional bermodalkan dampak positif yang dirasakan setelah mengonsumsi obat tradisional tersebut. Bawang merupakan salah satu obat tradisional yang tidak hanya digunakan sebagai bumbu dapur tetapi dipercaya mampu   mengobati berbagai macam penyakit. Salah satu jenis bawang yang sering digunakan oleh masyarakat Jawa sebagai obat ialah bawang lanang. Penelitian akan menguji apakah zat antibakteri yang terdapat dalam bawang lanang mempunyai pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Penelitian merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan menggunakan variasi populasi bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif serta variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan konsentrasi 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, 90% serta kontrol positif (kloramfenikol) dan kontrol negatif (akuades steril). Berdasarkan hasil uji One Way Annova, menunjukkan adanya pengaruh aktivitas antibakteri pada Staphylococcus aureus maupun Escherichia coli dengan nilai sig. (α < 0.05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan secara signifikan penggunaan berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak bawang lanang dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Kesimpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak bawang lanang memiliki aktivitas aktibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus maupun Escherichia coli. Konsentrasi ekstrak 90% merupakan konsentrasi paling baik dalam membentuk diameter zona hambat (50.78 mm) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus serta (38.24 mm) terhadap Escherichia coli. Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi ekstrak 10%, sedangkan untuk Kadar Bunuh Minimum (KBM) belum dapat ditentukan karena pada konsentrasi ekstrak 10%, bakteri masih tumbuh pada media.
Kata kunci: Ekstrak bawang lanang, berbagai konsentrasi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, aktivitas antibakteri.
Traditional medicine has long been used by our ancestors to cure various illnesses without knowing the ingredients. Its consumption is merely based on the positive effect which is resulted after taking the medicine. Garlic is one of the traditional medicines. It is not only used as herbs but also believed to cure various diseases. One type of garlics that is often used by the Javanese as a medicine is lanang garlic. The study will test whether the antibacterial substances contained in lanang garlic influence the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The research is an experimental laboratory, using a variation of a population of positive gram and negative gram. The variations of the concentration of the extract used are 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, 90%, and a positive control (chloramphenicol) and a negative control (sterilized Aquades). Based on the results of One Way Annova test, there is an antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with sig. (α <0.05). This shows that there are significant differences in the use of various concentrations of the extract of lanang garlic in inhibiting the growth of bacteria. The conclusion is that lanang garlic has an antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A 90% concentration is the best to both in forming the inhibition zone diameter against Staphylococcus aureus (50.78 mm) and Escherichia coli (38.24 mm). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is at the concentration of 10%, whereas the Minimum Killing Concentration (MKC) cannot be determined because the bacteria are still able to grow on the media in the 10% concentration.
Keywords: lanang garlic extract, various concentrations, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, antibacterial activity
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