GAYA HIDUP PENDERITA PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER DI RUMAH SAKIT ZAINOEL ABIDIN BANDA ACEH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v5i2.404Kata Kunci:
Determinan, gaya hidup, penyakit jantung koroner, RS Zainoel AbidinAbstrak
Abstrak
Menurut data Riskesdas (2013) sebanyak 40 persen orang meninggal karena serangan jantung tidak mengetahui kalau  dirinya  mengidap penyakit  jantung koroner.  Bila  ditinjau  dari gaya  hidup masyarakat Aceh ada beberapa faktor risiko meningkatkan kejadian PJK terutama bila dilakukan secara berlebihan, antara lain merokok, minum kopi, makan makanan berlemak dan kurangnya aktifitas fisik serta tidak mampu mengendalikan stress. Faktor-faktor tersebut sebagai gaya hidup sangat  berpotensi  meningkatkan risiko  PJK  yang  dibuktikan  dari  beberapa  laporan statistik menunjukkan PJK di Aceh tertinggi. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis determinan gaya hidup penderita penyakit jantung koroner di Rumah Sakit Zainoel Abidin. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain case control pada Bulan April 2017 di RSUD Zainoel Abidin menganalisis 206 kasus PJK dan 206 non PJK berdasarkan dokumen rekam medik dan menggunakan kuesioner tentang gaya hidup yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan determinan gaya hidup yang berhubungan bermakna adalah pola pengendalian stress, gaya hidup dan minum kopi dengan PJK (p<0,05), sedangkan pola makan tidak menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan PJK (p>0,05). Determinan gaya hidup yang paling dominan sebagai faktor risiko PJK adalah pengendalian stress dan kebiasaan minum kopi, yaitu pasien dengan riwayat pengendalian stress yang kurang efektif dan kebiasaan minum kopi lebih berisiko 4 kali dibandingkan pasien dengan pola pengendaian stress yang efektif dan tidak memiki kebiasaan minum kopi. Pengaruh gaya hidup terhadap PJK turut dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendapatan. Implikasi penelitian menawarkan kebijakan keterlibatan aktif berbagai pihak untuk melakukan upaya-upaya promotif dan preventif dengan melibatkan masyarakat dengan mengembangkan berbagai inovasi.
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Kata Kunci: Determinan, gaya hidup, penyakit jantung koroner, RS Zainoel Abidin
Referensi
Dirjen PP & PL, 2011. Pedoman Pengendalian Faktor Risiko Penyakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Berbasis Masyarakat (Edisi I). Jakarta. Kemenkes RI.
Leila Sabzmakan, Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad, Eesa Mohammadi , Seid Saied Mazloomy- Mahmoodabad, Katayoun Rabiei Mohammad Hassan Naseri , Elham Shakibazadeh, Masoud Mirzaei, 2013. Behavioral determinants of cardiovascular diseases risk factors: A qualitative directed content analysis
Nesrin, et al. 2010. Overweight and obessity:a major challenge for coronary heart disease secondary prevention in clinical practice in Europe,European Heart Journal 2002; 21: 808-813.
Riskesdes, 2007. Penyajian Pokok-Pokok Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Jakarta
World Health Organization (WHO), 2011. Cardiovascular Disease. Available from:www.who.int/mediacentre.
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