Determinan Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita 2-5 Tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jeulingke Kota Banda Aceh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v10i1.4048Abstrak
Kejadian balita pendek atau disebut dengan stunting merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang dialami oleh balita di dunia saat ini. Anak stunting merupakan indikasi kurangnya asupan gizi, baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas yang tidak terpenuhi sejak bayi, bahkan sejak dalam kandungan. Data yang diperoleh dari Puskesmas Jeulingke Banda Aceh periode Maret 2022, jumlah balita Posyandu setiap bulannya adalah 983 orang, dan jumlah balita yang diukur adalah 798 orang, didapat jumlah balita yang mengalami stunting adalah 116 orang (14,5%). Angka ini meningkat bila dibandingkan pada tahun 2023 periode Maret yaitu jumlah balita yang diukur sebanyak 596 orang dengan jumlah balita stunting sebesar 135 orang (22,7%). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam setahun terakhir kasus stunting meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui determinan faktor kejadian stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jeulingke Banda Aceh. Desain penelitian ini Cross Sectional Study, populasi 135 orang sampel diambil 58 balita yang mengalami stunting secara purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 16-22 Agustus 2023. Cara pengumpulan data dengan cara membagikan kuesioner kemudia pengolahan data dengan langkah editing, coding, data entry, tabulating, dan analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan keluarga (p value 0,048), Inisiasi menyusui dini (p value 0,033), pemberian ASI eksklusif (p value 0,019), pemberian MP ASI (p value 0,000) dengan kejadian stunting pada anak balita diwilayah kerja Puskesams Jeulingke Banda Aceh. Ada hubungan pendapatan keluarga, Inisiasi menyusui dini, pemberian ASI eksklusif, pemberian MP ASI dengan kejadian stunting pada anak balita diwilayah kerja Puskesams Jeulingke Banda Aceh. Bagi masyarakat dapat meningkatkan pemahaman kepada masyarakat tentang gizi ibu hamil, pentingnya Inisiasi Menyususi Dini (IMD) dan ASI Eksklusif untuk mencegah terjadinya stunting. Bagi Tenaga Kesehatan dapat membuat kebijakan dalam rangka memperbaiki status gizi khususnya pada anak usia 13-36 bulan untukmengurangi terjadinya stunting. Dan bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat menjadi bahan masukan untuk melakukan penelitian yang sama dengan variabel yang berbeda dan dengan desain penelitian yang berbeda.
Kata Kunci : Stunting, IMD, ASI Eksklusif , MP ASI.
The incidence of short toddlers or what is known as stunting is one of the nutritional problems experienced by toddlers in the world today. Stunted children are an indication of a lack of nutritional intake, both in quantity and quality, which has not been met since infancy, even in the womb. Data obtained from the Jeulingke Banda Aceh Community Health Center for the period March 2022, the number of toddlers at Posyandu each month was 983 people, and the number of toddlers measured was 798 people. It was found that the number of toddlers experiencing stunting was 116 people (14.5%). This figure has increased when compared to the 2023 March period, namely the number of toddlers measured was 596 people with the number of stunted toddlers being 135 people (22.7%). This shows that in the last year stunting cases have increased. This research aims to determine the determinants of stunting incidence factors in the Jeulingke Community Health Center work area in Banda Aceh. The research design was a Cross Sectional Study, with a population of 135 samples taken from 58 toddlers who experienced stunting using purposive sampling. The research was conducted on 16-22 August 2023. The data collection method was by distributing questionnaires and then processing the data using editing, coding, data entry, tabulating, and univariate and bivariate data analysis. The results of the study showed that family income (p value 0.048), early initiation of breastfeeding (p value 0.033), exclusive breastfeeding (p value 0.019), provision of MP ASI (p value 0.000) were associated with the incidence of stunting in children under five in the Jeulingke Public Health Center working area, Banda Aceh. . There is a relationship between family income, early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding and the incidence of stunting in children under five in the Jeulingke Community Health Center work area in Banda Aceh. For the community, it can increase public understanding about the nutrition of pregnant women, the importance of Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) and exclusive breastfeeding to prevent stunting. Health workers can make policies to improve nutritional status, especially for children aged 13-36 months to reduce the occurrence of stunting. And for future researchers it can be used as input for conducting the same research with different variables and with different research designs.
Keywords: Stunting, IMD, Exclusive Breast Milk, Complementary foods.
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