Faktor Risiko ISPA pada Balita (Studi Kasus Kontrol pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas UPTD Simpang Tiga Kecamatan Bukit Kabupaten Bener Meriah, 2022)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v8i2.2347Abstrak
Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan infeksi akut yang terdapat pada saluran pernafasan bagian atas yang mencakup hidung, sinus serta tenggorokan dan saluran pernafasan bagian bawah yang mencakup bronkus dan paru-paru yang dapat di sebabkan oleh bakteri, virus, dan jamur. Kasus penyakit ISPA merupakan penyakit terbanyak di Puskesmas Simpang Tiga. Pembangunan bidang kesehatan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat dengan pencegahan penyakit menular maupun penyakit tidak menular. Penyakit menular salah satunya adalah Infeksi saluran pernafasan Akut, dalam hal ini balita sangat rentan terkena penyakit infeksi saluran pernafasan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko infeksi saluran pernafasan akut pada balita di Puskesmas Simpang Tiga Tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan rancangan kasus kontrol (case control) dengan teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telaah dokumen yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor risiko ISPA pada balita. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebayak 149 orang tua yang mempuyai balita yang diambil dari seluruh populasi (total sampling), analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil Penelitian ada pengaruh antara kepadatan hunian kamar dengan kejadian ISPA diperoleh nilai (p=0,003 OR=3,021 95% CI=1,430-6,382). Ada pengaruh antara jenis lantai rumah dengan kejadian ISPA diperoleh nilai (p=0,000 OR=8,000 95% CI=3,490-18,339). Ada pengaruh antara kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian ISPA diperoleh nilai (p=0,000 OR=0,246 95% CI=0,114-0,528). Ada pengaruh antara status imunisasi dengan kejadian ISPA diperoleh nilai (p=0,000 OR=6,245 95% CI=2,783-14,010). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan yang paling dominan berpengaruh signifikan adalah Jenis Lantai Rumah dengan Exp B sebesar 8,209 (95% CI=3,001-22,455) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Jenis Lantai Rumah adalah variabel yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap kejadian ISPA Pada Balita. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu ada pengaruh bermakna antara kepadatan hunian, jenis lantai rumah, kebiasaan merokok dan status imunisasi dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita. Di sarankan bagi Puskesmas UPTD Simpang Tiga untuk melakukan kegiatan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat mengenai kepadatan hunian kamar, jenis lantai rumah, kebiasaan merokok dan status imunisasi.
 Kata Kunci: Kejadian Ispa, Kepadatan Hunian, Jenis Lantai Rumah, Kebiasaan Merokok, Status Imunisasi.
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Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an acute infection in the upper respiratory tract which includes the nose, sinuses and throat and lower respiratory tract which includes the bronchi and lungs which can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and mold. Cases of ARI is the most common disease in the Simpang Tiga Health Center. The development of the health sector aimed at improving the degree of public health by preventing communicable and non-communicable diseases. One of the infectious diseases is acute respiratory infection, Toddlers are very susceptible to acute respiratory infections. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for acute respiratory infection on toddler in the UPTD Simpang Tiga Public Health Center in 2022. This study uses a quantitative research methods using a case control design with indepth interviews, observation, and document review techniques namely to determine the risk factors for ARI in toddler. The sample in this study as many as 149 parents who have toddlers taken from the entire population (total sampling), data analysis using the chi-square test. The results of the study there is an influence between the density of room occupancy with the incidence of ARI, the value of (p=0,003 OR=3,021 95% CI=1,430-6,382) was obtained. There is an influence between the type of house floor with the incidence of ARI, the value of (p=0,000 OR=8,000 95% CI=3,490-18,339) was obtained. There is an influence between smoking habits and the incidence of ARI, the value of (p=0,000 OR=0,246 95% CI=0,114-0,528) was obtained. There is an influence between immunization status and the incidence of ARI, the value of (p=0,000 OR=6,245 95% CI=2,783-14,010) was obtained. The result of the multivariate analysis shows that the most dominant factor which has the significant influence is the type of house floor with Exp B i.e. 8,209 (95% CI=3,001-22,455), then it can be concluded that the type of house floor is the most dominant variable affecting the incidence of ARI in Toddlers. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant effect between occupancy density, type of house floor, smoking habits and immunization status with the incidence of ARI in toddlers. It is suggested that Puskesmas UPTD Simpang Tiga conduct socialization to the society concerning the density of room occupancy, type of house floor, smoking habits and immunization status.
 Keywords: incidence of ispa, occupancy density, type of house floor, smoking habits, immunization status.
Referensi
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