UJI TOKSISITAS SUBKRONIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PUTRI MALU (Mimosa Pudica L.) PADA MENCIT GALUR WISTAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v8i2.4198Abstrak
Penggunaan obat herbal tidak selalu aman karena ia juga mengandung zat-zat kimia yang kebanyakan belum ditentukan  keamanannya, zat yang beracun akan menimbulkan efek toksik bagi manusia, hal ini disebabkan oleh pemakaian dosis dan lamanya penggunaan obat yang tidak tepat. Obat tradisional digunakan akan menyebabkan terjadinya efek yang merugikan misalnya gangguan terhadap organ-organ vital, untuk melaju sampai ke produk fitofarmaka tentu melalui beberapa tahap uji farmakologi, uji klinik dan uji toksisitas. Uji toksisitas subkronik merupakan suatu pengujian untuk mendeteksi efek toksik yang muncul setelah pemberian sediaan uji dengan dosis berulang yang diberikan secara oral pada hewan uji selama 14 hari. Tanaman Putri malu (Mimosa Pudica L.) bisa dipakai untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit lain, seperti kencing batu, cacingan, insomnia, peradangan saluran napas dan herpes. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efek toksisitas subkronik pemberian berulang dan mengetahui batas keamanan dosis ekstrak daun putri malu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental menggunakan 25 mencit yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok di setiap jenis dengan variasi dosis 350 mg/kgBB, 600 mg/kgBB, 750 mg/kgBB, 1000 mg/kgBB, dan kelompok kontrol negatif. Pengamatan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu kematian mencit, perubahan berat badan, dan pengamatan terhadap organ hati dan ginjal. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh toksik subkronis pada kulit, bulu, berat badan, berat organ hati, berat organ ginjal dan tidak terdapat perubahan warna organ hewan uji. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa kandungan ekstrak daun putri malu tidak memiliki toksik subkronik terhadap kadar obat pada mencit galur wistar. Kesimpulannya yaitu pemberian berulang ekstrak putri malu (Mimosa pudica L.) tidak menimbulkan nekrosis terhadap histologi organ hati dan ginjal mencit galur wistar dan Tidak adanya kerusakan pada histologi organ hati dan ginjal mencit galur wistar walaupun adanya peningkatan dosis pemberian ekstrak putri malu (Mimosa pudica L.).
Kata Kunci : Hati, Ginjal, mencit, daun putri malu, toksisitas subkronikÂ
The use of herbal medicine is not always safe because it also contains chemical substances, most of which safety has not been determined, toxic substances will cause toxic effects for humans, this is caused by the use of inappropriate doses and duration of drug use. Traditional medicine used will cause adverse effects such as disturbance to vital organs, to advance to phytopharmaca products, of course through several stages of pharmacological testing, clinical trials and toxicity tests. Subchronic toxicity test is a test to detect toxic effects that appear after administration of test preparations with repeated doses given orally to test animals for 14 days. Putri shame plant (Mimosa Pudica L.) can be used to treat various other diseases, such as urinary stones, intestinal worms, insomnia, inflammation of the respiratory tract and herpes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of subchronic toxicity of repeated administration and to determine the safety limit of the dose of Putri malu leaf extract. This research was conducted by experimental method using 25 mice which were divided into 5 groups in each species with varying doses of 350 mg/kgBW, 600 mg/kgBW, 750 mg/kgBW, 1000 mg/kgBW, and a negative control group. Observations made in this study were the death of mice, changes in body weight, and observations of the liver and kidneys. The results showed that there was no sub-chronic toxic effect on skin, hair, body weight, liver weight, kidney weight and no change in the color of the test animal organs. From the results of the study, it can be seen that the content of the Putri malu leaf extract does not have subchronic toxicity to the drug levels in the wistar strain mice. The conclusion is that repeated administration of the Mimosa pudica (Mimosa pudica L.) extract did not cause necrosis of the liver and kidney histology of the Wistar strain mice and there was no damage to the liver and kidney histology of the Wistar strain mice even though there was an increase in the dose of the Mimosa pudica L mice extract. .).
Keywords: Liver, Kidney, mice, Putri malu leaves, subchronic toxicity
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