ANALISIS FAKTOR MATERNAL DAN GIZI TERHADAP KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS KOPELMA DARUSSALAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v11i2.5612Kata Kunci:
anemia, ibu hamil, faktor maternal, paritas, asupan zat besi.Abstrak
Anemia pada ibu hamil masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang dapat berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan ibu dan janin. Berbagai faktor maternal dan gizi diduga berperan dalam terjadinya anemia selama kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor maternal dan gizi terhadap kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kopelma Darussalam. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang melakukan pemeriksaan antenatal di Puskesmas Kopelma Darussalam. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan teknik sampling sesuai kriteria inklusi. Data dikumpulkan melalui pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin, kuesioner karakteristik ibu, serta penilaian asupan zat besi. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel independen dengan kejadian anemia.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anemia masih ditemukan pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kopelma Darussalam. Faktor usia ibu berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia, di mana ibu hamil pada usia berisiko (<20 tahun dan >35 tahun) lebih banyak mengalami anemia dibandingkan usia reproduksi sehat. Paritas juga berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia, dengan proporsi anemia lebih tinggi pada ibu hamil dengan paritas tinggi. Selain itu, asupan zat besi yang rendah berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor maternal, yaitu usia dan paritas, serta faktor gizi berupa asupan zat besi berperan terhadap kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya pencegahan anemia secara komprehensif melalui peningkatan kualitas pelayanan antenatal, edukasi gizi, pemantauan kadar hemoglobin secara rutin, serta peningkatan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet tambah darah, khususnya pada ibu hamil dengan faktor risiko.Referensi
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