UJI SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN STANDARISASI EKSTRAK LABU KUNING AKAR MANIS (CUCURBITA MOSCHATA) SEBAGAI BAHAN SEDIAAN FARMASI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v11i2.5736Abstrak
ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Labu kuning akar manis (Cucurbita moschata) merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai bahan baku sediaan farmasi karena mengandung berbagai senyawa metabolit sekunder yang memiliki aktivitas biologis. Kandungan senyawa seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid, dan tanin diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, antiinflamasi, serta berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif dalam formulasi farmasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan uji skrining fitokimia dan standarisasi ekstrak untuk menjamin mutu, keamanan, dan konsistensi bahan baku. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder melalui uji skrining fitokimia serta mengevaluasi potensi ekstrak labu kuning akar manis (Cucurbita moschata) sebagai bahan sediaan farmasi. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium dengan melakukan skrining fitokimia secara kualitatif terhadap ekstrak menggunakan pereaksi Mayer, Wagner, dan Dragendorff untuk alkaloid serta uji spesifik untuk flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, dan tanin. Pengamatan dilakukan berdasarkan perubahan warna dan pembentukan endapan sebagai indikator keberadaan senyawa. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak labu kuning akar manis positif mengandung alkaloid yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya endapan kuning keputihan (Mayer), endapan coklat (Wagner), dan endapan merah (Dragendorff). Uji flavonoid menunjukkan terbentuknya warna orange, uji saponin menghasilkan busa stabil dalam air, uji terpenoid menunjukkan warna merah, serta uji tanin menghasilkan warna kuning kehijauan. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi sebagai bahan aktif farmasi. Kesimpulan dan Saran: Ekstrak labu kuning akar manis (Cucurbita moschata) terbukti mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, dan tanin berdasarkan hasil skrining fitokimia. Kandungan metabolit sekunder tersebut menunjukkan potensi ekstrak sebagai bahan sediaan farmasi. Disarankan dilakukan penelitian lanjutan terkait standarisasi parameter spesifik dan non-spesifik serta pengujian aktivitas farmakologis untuk mendukung pengembangan fitofarmaka. Kata Kunci: Labu Kuning, Skrining fitokimia, standarisasi
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