PENGARUH DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN SOSIAL BUDAYA TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA BAYI USIA 0-6 BULAN DI PUSKESMAS JEURAM KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v12i1.5758Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) secara eksklusif selama enam bulan pertama kehidupan bayi merupakan intervensi nutrisi paling efektif untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan kesehatan bayi. Meskipun cakupan ASI eksklusif secara global menunjukkan peningkatan, angka di Indonesia masih berada di bawah target nasional. Data Survei Kesehatan Nasional tahun 2023 menunjukkan cakupan ASI eksklusif sebesar 55,5%. Di Kabupaten Nagan Raya, cakupan ASI eksklusif masih menunjukkan tren fluktuatif. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dukungan keluarga dan sosial budaya terhadap keberhasilan ASI eksklusif pada bayi di Puskesmas Jeuram Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki balita usia 1–2 tahun. Sampel sebanyak 75 responden ditentukan menggunakan rumus Slovin. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif (58,7%). Sebagian besar responden tidak mendapatkan dukungan keluarga (60%), sedangkan faktor sosial budaya mayoritas berada pada kategori mendukung (54,7%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara dukungan keluarga terhadap keberhasilan ASI eksklusif (p=0,000), dimana 70% ibu yang mendapatkan dukungan keluarga berhasil memberikan ASI eksklusif. Selain itu, terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara sosial budaya terhadap keberhasilan ASI eksklusif (p=0,000), dimana 68,3% ibu dengan sosial budaya yang mendukung berhasil memberikan ASI eksklusif. Kesimpulan: Dukungan keluarga dan faktor sosial budaya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keberhasilan ASI eksklusif. Ibu yang memperoleh dukungan keluarga serta berada dalam lingkungan sosial budaya yang mendukung memiliki peluang lebih besar untuk berhasil memberikan ASI eksklusif hingga usia 6 bulan. Saran: Diperlukan peningkatan edukasi dan promosi kesehatan yang melibatkan keluarga serta pendekatan berbasis budaya dalam program peningkatan cakupan ASI eksklusif. Tenaga kesehatan diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan peran keluarga dan tokoh masyarakat dalam mendukung praktik menyusui eksklusif.Unduhan
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