Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ketepatan Pemberian Imunisasi Dasar Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Samalanga Kecamatan Samalanga Kabupaten Bireuen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v7i2.2174Abstract
Latar Belakang : Salah satu intervensi kesehatan yang telah terbukti paling hemat biaya karena dapat mencegah dan mengurangi kejadian kesakitan, kecacatan, dan kematian adalah imunisasi. Bayi yang tidak diberikan imunisasi dasar lengkap dan tidak teratur, maka kuman berbahaya yang menyerang tubuh cukup banyak, tubuhnya tidak dapat melawan kuman tersebut. Adapun cakupan imunisasi dasar lengkap Puskesmas Samalanga pada tahun 2019 mencapai 42,4% dan pada tahun 2020 mencapai 15,3%. Tujuan Penelitian : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, sikap, pengetahuan, dan dukungan keluarga dengan ketepatan pemberian imunisasi dasar di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Samalanga Tahun 2021. Metode Penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional dengan populasi sebanyak 517 orang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai 28 Mei sampai dengan 19 Juni 2021. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 225 orang dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Hasil Penelitian : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap ketepatan pemberian imunisasi dasar adalah pendidikan ibu (p value=0,000), sikap ibu (p value=0,000), pengetahuan ibu (0,000) sedangkan variabel yang tidak berpengaruh adalah pekerjaan ibu (p value=0,063), dukungan keluarga (p value=0,777). Kesimpulan dan Saran : Adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara variabel pendidikan, sikap, dan pengetahuan dengan ketepatan pemberian imunisasi dasar dan tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara variabel pekerjaan dan dukungan keluarga terhadap ketepatan pemberian imunisasi dasar. Tenaga kesehatan meningkatkan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya memberikan imunisasi secara tepat sesuai usia bayi dan ibu meluangkan waktu untuk hadir dalam kegiatan sosialisasi serta mau memberikan imunisasi kepada bayi secara tepat.
 Kata Kunci : Ketepatan Pemberian Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap
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Background : One of the health interventions that has been proven to be the most cost-effective because it can prevent and reduce the incidence of morbidity, disability, and death is immunization. Babies who are not given complete and irregular basic immunizations, then the harmful germs that attack the body are quite a lot, the body cannot fight these germs. The complete basic immunization Coverage of the Samalanga Health Center in 2019 reached 42.4% and in 2020 it reached 15.3%. Objectives: to determine the effect of education level, occupation, attitude, knowledge, and family support with the accuracy of basic immunization in the working area of the Samalanga Health Center in 2021. Methods: This type of research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach with a population of 517 people. This research was conducted from May 28 to June 19, 2021. The number of samples was 225 people using accidental sampling technique.
Results : The results showed that the variables that affected the accuracy of basic immunization were maternal education (p value = 0.000), mother's attitude (p value = 0.000), mother's knowledge (0.000) while the variable that had no effect was mother's occupation (p value = 0.063), family support (p value = 0.777). Conclusions and Suggestions: There is a significant influence between the variables of education, attitude, and knowledge with the accuracy of giving basic immunization and there is no significant effect between the variables of work and family support on the accuracy of giving basic immunization. Health workers increase socialization to the community about the importance of providing immunizations appropriately according to the age of the baby and mothers take the time to be present in socialization activities and are willing to provide immunizations to infants appropriately.
 Keywords: Accuracy of Complete Basic Immunization
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