Determinan yang Berhubungan dengan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simpang Kanan Tahun 2021
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v8i2.2368Abstract
Latar di negara berkembang, sekitar 10 juta bayi mengalami kematian, dan sekitar 60% dari kematian tersebut seharusnya dapat ditekan salah satunya adalah dengan menyusui, karena Air Susu Ibu (ASI) sudah terbukti dapat meningkatkan status kesehatan bayi sehingga 1,3 juta bayi dapat diselamatkan. Saat ini gambaran pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Provinsi Aceh sebesar 70,6% juga belum mencapai target secara nasional. Kabupaten Aceh Singkil sendiri mempunyai target pemberian ASI eksklusif yang sama sebesar 80%. Sedangkan menurut data Seksi Gizi Dinkes Provinsi Aceh menunjukkan persentase pemberian ASI eksklusif paling tinggi terjadi di Kabupaten Sigli (81,7%) dan paling rendah terjadi di Kabupaten Tapak Tuan (67,4%).  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI Ekslusif di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Simpang Kanan Tahun 2021. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 974 orang dengan jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 86 orang ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan yang diambil dengan teknik purposive random sampling. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah Chi Square Test. Berdasarkan hasil analisa bivariate diperoleh beberapa variabel yang memiliki hubungan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif adalah adalah pengetahuan (p=0,017), budaya (p=0,001), kesehatan ibu (p=0,000) dan dukungan keluarga (p=0.000), sedangkan variabel yang tidak berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif adalah sosial ekonomi (p=0,293) dan pekerjaan (p=0,257). Analisa multivariate didapatkan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI adalah variabel dukungan keluarga (p=0.000) (PR = 7.434, 95% CI = 2.510 – 22.021). Kesimpulan terdapat hubungan antara variabel dukungan keluarga, budaya, pengetahuan dan kesehatan ibu terhadap pemberian ASI Eksklusif, namun variabel yang paling dominan adalah dukungan keluarga. Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat meningkatkan promosi dan penyuluhan kesehatan kepada masyarakat agar mereka dapat merubah kebiasaan budayanya seperti peucicap, atau memberikan gula pada bayi baru lahir.
 Kata Kunci : ASI Eksklusif, Faktor Yang Berhubungan
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Background In developing countries, about 10 million babies die, and about 60% of these deaths should be suppressed, one of which is breastfeeding, because breast milk (ASI) has been proven to improve the health status of babies so that 1.3 million babies can be saved. . Currently, the picture of exclusive breastfeeding in Aceh Province is 70.6% which has not yet reached the national target. Aceh Singkil Regency itself has the same target of exclusive breastfeeding of 80%. Meanwhile, according to data from the Nutrition Section of the Aceh Provincial Health Office, the highest percentage of exclusive breastfeeding occurred in Sigli Regency (81.7%) and the lowest occurred in Tapak Tuan Regency (67.4%). The purpose of this study was to analyze. Factors related to exclusive breastfeeding in the work area of the Simpang Kanan Health Center in 2021. The research method used was analytic with a cross sectional approach. The total population in this study was 974 people with the number of samples in this study were 86 mothers who had babies aged 0-6 months who were taken by purposive random sampling technique. Analysis of the data used is the Chi Square Test. Based on the results of bivariate analysis, several variables that have a relationship with exclusive breastfeeding are knowledge (p = 0.017), culture (p = 0.001), maternal health (p = 0.000) and family support (p = 0.000), while the variables that do not related to exclusive breastfeeding were socioeconomic (p=0,293) and occupation (p=0,257). Multivariate analysis found that the most dominant variable related to breastfeeding was the family support variable (p=0.000) (PR = 7,434, 95% CI = 2,510 – 22,021). The conclusion is that there is a relationship between the variables of family support, culture, knowledge and maternal health on exclusive breastfeeding, but the most dominant variable is family support. It is recommended to health workers to increase promotion and health education to the community so that they can change their cultural habits such as peucicap, or give sugar to newborns.
Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Related Factors
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