Pengaruh Psikoedukasi Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Penurunan Tingkat Ansietas Keluarga Dalam Pemberian Imunisasi DT Dan Td Pada Anak Usia Sekolah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v9i2.3406Abstract
Imunisasi DT dan Td merupakan imunisasi lanjutan yang diberikan untuk mencegah beberapa penyakit infeksi seperti difteri, tetanus, dan batuk rejan (pertusis) untuk anak usia sekolah. Walaupun demikian dalam pemberian imunisasi ini masih dipertimbangkan oleh keluarga karena efek samping yang ditimbulkan dan masih kurangnya pengetahuan sehingga berdampak pada peningkatan ansietas, hal ini dapat mempengaruhi keluarga dalam pemberian imunisasi DT dan Td kepada anak usia sekolah. Melalui pemberian psikoedukasi keluarga imunisasi, maka tindakan ini dapat mengubah pola pikir seseorang sehingga membantu keluarga dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan sehingga dapat menurunkan tingkat ansietas ketika menghadapi masalah yang berkaitan dengan pemberian imunisasi DT dan Td kepada anak usia sekolah. Jenis penelitian ini kuantitatif dengan desain quasi eksperiment pre post test. Intervensi psikoedukasi keluarga imunisasi diberikan sebanyak 8 sesi selama 6 minggu untuk kelompok perlakuan sebagai perbandingan dengan kelompok kontrol. Jumlah sampel penelitian 100 ibu-ibu dari anak berusia 8 tahun – 11 tahun dengan batasan usia ibu (30 - 48 tahun). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan untuk pengaruh psikoedukasi terhadap pengetahuan dan tingkat ansietas keluarga setelah intervensi psikoedukasi keluarga imunisasi DT dan Td pada anak usia sekolah (p value =.001) yang berarti H0 ditolak atau ada pengaruh psikoedukasi imunisasi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan menurunnya ansietas keluarga kelompok perlakuan terhadap kesiapan dalam pemberian imunisasi. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan untuk penanganan ansietas keluarga melalui terapi psikoedukasi relevan dengan hasil temuan dari negara lain. Terapi ini dapat dikembangkan untuk melihat efektifitas psikoedukasi terhadap tingkat ansietas pada program kesehatan lainnya seperti self help group family.
Kata kunci: Psikoedukasi; Pengetahuan; Kecemasan; Imunisasi, Keluarga
DT and Td immunizations are advanced immunizations given to prevent several infectious diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough (pertussis) for school-age children. Nevertheless, providing the immunization is still being considered by some families because of its side effects caused and there is still a lack of knowledge so that it has an impact on increasing anxiety, this can affect families in administering DT and Td immunizations to school-age children. This study aims to provide the family of psychoeducation for immunization, so it could change family’s mindset that it helps them improve their knowledge and reduce anxiety levels when facing problems related to administering DT and Td immunizations to school-age children. This type of research is quantitative with quasiexperimental pre-post test design. Psychoeducation intervention for the family who get immunization was given as many as 8 sessions for 6 weeks for the treatment group, as a comparison with the control group. The number of research samples is 100 mothers from children aged 8 - 12 years and age limits for mothers (30 - 48 years). The results show that there is a significant difference in the effect of psychoeducation on knowledge and levels of family anxiety after the family psychoeducation intervention of DT and Td immunization in school-age children (p value = .001), which means that H0 is rejected or there is an effect of immunization psychoeducation on increasing knowledge and decreasing anxiety family treatment group on readiness in administering immunization. Conclusions obtained showed the influence of psychoeducation on increasing knowledge and decreasing anxiety of the family in providing immunizations and this is relevant to the results of research from other countries. Based on these results, psychoeducation activities need to be applied as caring actions in increasing knowledge, overcoming anxiety issues for family readiness and support in immunization.
Keywords: psychoeducation, knowledge, anxiety, immunization, and family
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