UJI EFEKTIVITAS LOTION KOMBINASI EKSTRAK DAUN PANDAN (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) DAN DAUN SALAM KOJA (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng.) SEBAGAI REPELLENT Aedes aegypti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v7i2.4188Abstract
Penggunaan bahan kimia sebagai bahan penolak (repellent) nyamuk dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah meluasnya permasalahan tersebut ialah dengan pengendalian vektor melalui bioinsektisida. Kombinasi ekstrak daun pandan (Pandanus amarillyfolius Roxb.) dan daun salam koja (Murraya koenigii L.Spreng) yang masing-masing mengandung 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) dan α-pinene yang memiliki potensi sebagai bioinsektisida. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa kemampuan daya proteksi kombinasi ekstrak daun pandan dan daun salam koja terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Parasitologi Universitas Abulyatama menggunakan konsentrasi 20% dengan perbandingan 1:3 untuk formula I, 1:1 untuk formula II,3:1 untuk formula III, kontrol negatif (basis) dan kontrol positif (Autan®). Evaluasi sediaan lotion yang dilakukan meliputi: organoleptis sediaan memiliki warna, bentuk dan bau yang stabil, nilai pH 4,5-7, homogenitas yang baik, tidak terjadinya iritasi. Hasil menunjukkan, bahwa kombinasi ekstrak daun pandan dan daun salam koja selama 8 jam memberikan daya proteksi tertinggi pada formula II dengan daya proteksi 96,00% yang hampir setara dengan kontrol positif yaitu 98,01%, sedangkan formula I dan III memiliki daya proteksi tertinggi masing-masing 90,99% dan 92,01%.
Kata kunci: repellent, daun pandan, daun salam koja, lotion, Ae. aegyptiÂ
Use of chemicals as repellent materials (repellent mosquito) can cause health problems. One effort to prevent the widespread problem is vector control through bioinsecticides. The combination of pandanus leaf extract (Pandanus amarillyfolius Roxb.) and koja leaf (Murraya koenigii L.Spreng.) each containing 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) and α-pinene have potential as bioinsecticides. The purpose of this research is to analyze the ability of protection power combination of pandan leaf extract and curry leaves to mosquitoes Aedes aegypti. This study was conducted at the Abulyatama University Parasitology Laboratory using 20% concentration with ratio of 1: 3 form formula II, 3: 1 for formula III, negative control and positive control (Autan®). Evaluation of preparations lotion carried out include: organoleptic preparations have a stable color, shape and odor, pH value 4.5-7, good homogeneity, no irritation. The results showed that the combination of pandanus leaf extract and curry leaves for 8 hours gave the highest protection in formula II with 96.00% protection which almost equal to positive control that is 98.01%. While the formula I and III have the highest protection of 90.99% and 92.01% respectively.
Keywords: repellent, leaf pandan, leaf laurel, lotion, Ae. aegypti
References
Formula lotion dari kombinasi ekstrak daun pandan dan daun salam koja memilki efektifitas repellent terhadap nyamuk Ae. aegypti.
Formula lotion repellent kombinasi ekstrak daun pandan dan daun salam koja dengan perbandingan 1:1 (formula II) menghasilkan daya proteksi tertinggi yaitu sebesar 96,00% yang hampir sama dengan daya proteksi yang dihasilkan oleh sediaan kontrol positif yaitu 98,01%, sedangkan formula I dan III memilki
daya proteksi masing-masing 90,99% dan 92,01% pada jam ke-0.
Formula lotion dari kombinasi ekstrak daun pandan dan daun salam koja dapat menghasilkan kualitas sediaan topikal yang memenuhi beberapa persyaratan dari evaluasi sediaan seperti uji pH, uji homogenitas, uji kestabilan fisik dan uji iritasi.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Buttery, R. G., Ling, L. C., Juliano, B. O. and Turnbaugh, J. C. 1983. Cooked rice aroma and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. J.Agric. Food Chem., 31, 823–826. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf0 0118a036
Cheetangdee, V. and Siree C. 2006. Free Amino Acid and Reaching Sugar Composition of Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Leaves. Department of Food and Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900. Thailand.
Das, A. K., V. Rajkumar, and D. K. Dwivedi. 2011. Antioxidant effect of curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) powder on quality of ground and cooked goat meat. J. International Food Research. (18):563-569.
Dalimartha, S. 2009. Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Jilid 6. Trobus Agriwidya. Jakarta
Ditjen PP dan PL Kemenkes RI. 2013. Kasus DBD di Indonesia Tertinggi di ASEAN.http://International.kompas.co m/read/2013/02/19/0716187/.19 Febuari 2018
Depkes RI. 1979. Farmakope Indonesia.
Ed-3. Jakarta.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. 1997. Buku Panduan Manajemen Penyuluhan
Kesehatan Masyarakat Tingkat Propinsi. Jakarta: Depkes RI.
Dini, A. M. V., Rina, N. F., Ririn, A.W. 2010. Faktor Iklim Dan Angka Insiden Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Kabupaten Serang. Departemen Kesehatan Lingkungan, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Indonesia: Depok. Makara, Kesehatan. Vol 14 (1): 37-45.
Ditjen PP dan PL Kemenkes RI. 2012. Angka Kesakitan Demam Berdarah Dengue per 100.000 Penduduk di Indonesia Tahun 2011 In Data/Informasi Kesehatan Provinsi Lampung. Pusat Data dan Informasi, Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Fajriyah, Ferawati. 2016. Destilasi Uap Dan Air Daun Cymbopogon Winterianus Dan Daun Citrus Hystrix Untuk Uji Aktivitas Insect Repellent Terhadap Nyamuk. Thesis. University of Muhammadiyah Malang. http://eprints.umm.ac.id/32907/
Hasan. 2006. Mengenal Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue. Departemen Kesehatan Lingkungan FKM USU. h. 86-89.
Hendri, Joni. 2003. Protection Capacity of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Peel Extract Against Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Mosquitoes in : Loka Litbang P2B2 Ciamis.
Infodatin. 2016. Situasi DBD Indonesia.
ISSN 2442-7659.
Ketaren, S. 2005. Pengantar Teknologi Minyak dan Lemak Pangan. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
Katz, Tracy M., Jason H. Miller and Adelaide A. Hebert. 2008. Insect Repellents: Historical Persectives and
New Developments. J Am Acad Dermatol, vol. 58, no. 5, hh. 865-871
Kardinan, Agus. 2007. Potensi Selasih sebagai Repellent terhadap Nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Jurnal Littri. 13(2): 39-
Lenny, S M. K., Senyawa Terpenoid dan Steroida, USU, Medan.
Levin J, Maibach H. 2007. Human Skin Buffering Capacity. Journal of Skin Reasech and Technology 14: 121-126
Muhaimin. 2010. Uji aktivitas Penolakan (Repellent) Nyamuk Dari Kulit Batang Vitex trifolia Dalam Bentuk Lotion. Skripsi. Universitas Syiahkuala.
Maia, Marta Ferreira and Sarah J Moore. 2011. Plant-based Insect Repellents: A Reviw of Their Efficacy. Development and Testing. Malaria Journal,vol. 10 (Suppl 1):S11
Mardiyaningsih. A dan Resmi Aini. 2014. Pengembangan Potensi Ekstrak Daun Pandan (Pandanus amarillyfolius Roxb.) Sebagai Agen Antibakteri. Jurnal. Pharmaciana. Vol 4 (2):185-192
Patel, E.K., A. Gupta & RJ. Oswal. 2012. A Review On: Mosquito Repellent Methods. IJPCBS, 2(1): 310-317
Purnamasari. RM, I Made Sudarmaja, I Kadek Swastika. 2017. Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus Amaryllifolius Roxb) Sebagai Larvasida Alami Bagi Aedes Aegypti. E-Jurnal Medika, Vol (06) (6):1-5
Rilianti, Dwitya. 2015. Daya Tolak Ekstrak Ethanol Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Sebagai Repellent Terhadap Nyamuk Aedes Aegipty. Skripsi Fakultas kedokteran, Universitas Lampung.
Retno, T. 2007. Buku Pegangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Kosmetik. Jakarta: Penerbit Gramedia Pustaka Utama
Ramirez, GIJ, James G.L., Elisa L.R. Elena S., & Graham D.M. 2012. Repellents Inhibit P450 enzymes in Stegomyia (Aedes) aegypti. Plos One, 7 (11):1-8
Saidar. 2012. Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Serta Uji Efek Antinyamuk Sediaan Lotion Minyak Adas (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). Skripsi. Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan. Makasar: Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin
Safitri, N. A. 2010. Optimasi Formula Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Stroberri (fragaria x annassa). Jurnal Program Studi Farmasi FKUB Bandung
Sari, A dan Amy M. 2016. Formulasi Sediaan Salep Ekstrak Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma loga Linn). Poltekes Kemenkes Aceh
Sari, Ina Pebriana. 2015. Uji Daya Repelan Kombinasi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Jeruk Nipis (Citrus Aurantifolia Swingle) Dengan Vanillin Berbeda Konsentrasi Dalam Sediaan Gel Terhadap Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti. Skripsi. Universitas Gadjah Mada. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/
Sastroutomo, SS. 1992. Pestisida: Dasar- dasar dan Dampak Penggunaanya. Gramedia. Jakarta. Hal 18, 20-21.
Sularto. 1995. Pengaruh Pemakaian Madu Sebagai Penstubtitusi Gliserin Dalam Beberapa Jenis Krim Terhadap Kestabilan Fisiknya. Laporan Penelitian, LP Unpad. Bandung. Universitas Padjajaran.
Suryani A, Sailah I, Hambali E. 2000. Teknologi Emulsi. Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi
Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor
Suwito. 2010. Hubungan Iklim, Kepadatan Nyamuk Anopheles dan Kejadian Penyakit Malaria. Sekolah Tinggi Kesehatan Abdi Nusa. Pangkal pinang
Soegijanto. 2006. Demam Berdarah Dengue Edisi Kedua. Airlangga UniversityPress. Surabaya
Utomo, P. P dan Nana. S. 2014. Perbandingan Daya Proteksi Losion Anti Nyamuk Dari Beberapa Jenis Minyak Atsiri Tanaman Pengusir Nyamuk. Biopropal Industri. Vol. 5 (2):79-84
Voight R. 1995. Buku Pelajaran Teknologi Farmasi Edisi IV. Diterjemahkan Oleh Soewandi NS. Yogyakarta. UI Press.
World Health Organization. 2012. Fact sheet N117.
Yuniarsih. 2010. Uji Efektifitas Lision Repelan Minyak Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Skripsi. Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah. Jakarta
Downloads
Issue
Section
License
I. ORIGINALITY, AUTHORSHIP, AND COPYRIGHT
The manuscripts submitted for publication must be research works written in English that have not been previously published and  are not being considered for publication elsewhere. All the authors must have agreed to the submission and to the order of their names on the title page. They must also have agreed that the corresponding author may act on their behalf throughout the editorial review and publication process. The corresponding author is responsible for obtaining such agreement.
Requests for changes in authorship (order of listing or addition or deletion of names) after submission should be accompanied by signed statements of agreement from all the parties involved. To maintain and protect the publisher‘s ownership and rights and to protect the original authors from misappropriations of their published work, author(s) are required to sign a Journal Publishing Agreement and send it to the editorial office (jhtm@uui.ac.id).
II. PERMISSION
The author is responsible for acquiring the permission(s) to reproduce any copyrighted figures, tables, data, or text that are being used in the submitted paper. Authors should note that text quotations of more than 250 words from a published or copyrighted work will require grant of permission from the original publisher to reprint. The written permission letter(s) must be submitted together with the manuscript.
III. EDITORIAL REVIEW AND REVISION
All papers will be critically read by at least two anonymous reviewers, selected for their competence in the subject area of the paper. Acceptance of the paper will depend upon its scientific merit and suitability for the journal. A paper may be accepted in its original form or subject to revision.
The reviewers' (and editor's) suggestions will be conveyed to the author, who will then have an opportunity to revise the paper. A manuscript returned to an author for revision can be held for a maximum of eight weeks.
The accepted paper will be edited by native English speakers. The cost of language editing service is currently free.
IV. PROOFS
Galley proofs (PDF format) for an accepted article will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author for copyediting corrections. The core content of an article cannot be changed at this time. It is the author's responsibility to check the entire manuscript, including tables, figure legends, and cited reference numbers, not just the items queried. The proofs should be corrected and mailed to the editorial office within 48 hours of receipt in order to expedite publication. Only one set of corrections will be accepted. In other words, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent to us in one communication.
V. Â REPRINTS
Five free reprint copies of the published article will be shipped to the corresponding authors in Indonesia only, approximately two weeks after the issue is printed. Authors, including overseas authors, who wish to purchase reprints, are required to complete the Reprint Order Form, which will be sent with the galley proofs to corresponding authors. This form must be returned together with the corrected galley proofs.
