FORMULASI SEDIAAN KRIM PELEMBAB EKSTRAK BUAH PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS TERHADAP XEROSIS PADA KAKI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v10i2.4308Abstract
Proses penuaan kulit menyebabkan perubahan kulit pada usia lanjut. Terjadi penurunan kadar hidrasi dan perubahan sawar kulit yang akan bermanifestasi pada perubahan struktur kulit dan menimbulkan xerosis serta pruritus. Pada kulit usia lanjut terjadi penurunan kemampuan kulit untuk mempertahankan air pada stratum korneum, sehingga menyebabkan penurunan kadar hidrasi kulit. Kadar air pada kulit yang menua, terutama pada stratum korneum, lebih rendah dan perubahan komposisi asam amino pada kulit yang menua juga mengurangi jumlah Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF) sehingga menurunkan kemampuan stratum korneum untuk mengikat kadar air yang mana akan menyebabkan kulit menjadi kering dan cenderung untuk terjadi xerosis. Pepaya merupakan tanaman yang cukup banyak tumbuh di Indonesia. Menurut FAO (Food and Agriculture) Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil pepaya terbesar peringkat kelima. Besarnya produksi pepaya di Indonesia tidak diimbangi dengan pemanfaatannya, hasilnya 15% dari produksi pepaya tercecer dan rusak karena kurangnya pemanfaatan buah papaya. Pemanfaatan dan daur ulang buah pepaya masih kurang, khususnya pada bidang kesehatan. Buah pepaya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pelembab karena memiliki mekanisme kerja sebagai humektan yang mampu mengurangi terjadinya penguapan air dipermukaan kulit karena mengandung sukrosa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memformulasikan krim pelembab dari ekstrak buah papaya (Carica papaya L.) serta untuk mengetahui efektivitas terhadap penyembuhan xerosis pada kaki relawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode formulasi eksperimental labolatorium dengan formula F1 = 10%, F2 = 12,5%, F3 = 15%, F4 = 17,5%, F5 = 20% dan uji evaluasi sediaan berupa uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar uji daya lekat, uji kesukaan, uji stabilitas sediaan, uji iritasi, dan uji kemampuan mengatasi xerosis pada kaki relawan. Hasil penelitian uji pH (6,0 – 8,0), daya sebar krim baik, tidak menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit, nilai uji kesukaan rata-rata suka, tingkat stabilitas krim baik, hasil uji kemampuan menunjukkan kemampuan mengatasi xersis yang dilakukan selama 4 minggu pada kaki 10 orang relawan memperoleh hasil dimana formula F1 = 10% sudah mampu mengobati xerosis ringan namun formula F5 = 20% mempunyai efek paling bagus dalam mengobati xerosis tipe parah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini ekstrak buah papaya dapat diformulasikan menjadi krim pelembab dengan mutu sediaan yang baik serta mampu mengobati xerosis tipe ringan hingga parah dengan formula terbaik yaitu F5 = 20% pada kaki sukarelawan.
Kata kunci: Buah papaya (Carica papaya L.), Xerosis, Krim Pelembab    Â
The aging process of the skin causes changes in the skin in old age. There is a decrease in hydration levels and changes in the skin barrier which will manifest in changes in skin structure and cause xerosis and pruritus. In old age skin, there is a decrease in the skin's ability to retain water in the stratum corneum, causing a decrease in skin hydration levels. The water content in aging skin, especially in the stratum corneum, is lower and changes in the amino acid composition of aging skin also reduce the amount of Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF) thereby reducing the ability of the stratum corneum to bind water content which will cause the skin to become dry and prone to xerosis.Papaya is a plant that grows quite a lot in Indonesia. According to FAO (Food and Agriculture) Indonesia is the fifth largest papaya producing country. The large production of papaya in Indonesia is not balanced with its utilization, the result is that 15% of papaya production is scattered and damaged due to lack of utilization of papaya fruit. Utilization and recycling of papaya fruit is still lacking, especially in the health sector. Papaya fruit can be used as a moisturizer because it has a working mechanism as a humectant that can reduce the occurrence of water evaporation on the skin surface because it contains sucroseThe purpose of this study was to formulate a moisturizing cream from papaya fruit extract (Carica papaya L.) and to determine its effectiveness in curing xerosis in volunteers' feet. This study used an experimental laboratory formulation method with formula F1 = 10%, F2 = 12.5%, F3 = 15%, F4 = 17.5%, F5 = 20% and evaluation tests of the preparation in the form of organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, spreadability tests, adhesion tests, preference tests, preparation stability tests, irritation tests, and tests for the ability to overcome xerosis in volunteers' feet. The results of the pH test (6.0 - 8.0), good cream spreadability, does not cause skin irritation, the average preference test value is like, the level of cream stability is good, the results of the ability test show the ability to overcome xerosis which was carried out for 4 weeks on the feet of 10 volunteers obtained results where the F1 = 10% formula was able to treat mild xerosis but the F5 = 20% formula had the best effect in treating severe xerosis. The conclusion of this study is that papaya fruit extract can be formulated into a moisturizing cream with good preparation quality and is able to treat mild to severe xerosis with the best formula, namely F5 = 20% on the feet of volunteers.
Keywords: Papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.), Xerosis, Moisturizing cream   Â
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