EFEKTIVITAS MENGUNYAH BUAH APEL (MALUS DOMESTICA) DAN MENGUNYAH BUAH NANAS (ANANAS COMOSUS (L.) MERR) TERHADAP INDEKS PLAK GIGI

Authors

  • Nurdin Nurdin Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh
  • Nasri Nasri Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh
  • Herry Imran Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v8i1.5943

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Plak gigi merupakan lapisan lunak yang berisi kumpulan mikroorganisme dan melekat pada permukaan gigi. Penumpukan plak dapat meningkatkan risiko karies, gingivitis, dan gangguan periodontal apabila tidak dibersihkan secara teratur. Selain menyikat gigi, konsumsi buah berserat seperti apel dan nanas sering dianggap dapat membantu pembersihan mekanis permukaan gigi melalui proses pengunyahan dan stimulasi saliva. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas mengunyah buah apel (Malus domestica) dan mengunyah buah nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) terhadap penurunan indeks plak gigi. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pretest-posttest two group design. Sampel berjumlah 60 responden yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu 30 responden kelompok apel dan 30 responden kelompok nanas. Indeks plak diukur sebelum dan sesudah intervensi menggunakan indeks plak Silness dan Loe. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji paired t-test serta independent t-test dengan tingkat kemaknaan p-value < 0,05. Hasil: Rata-rata indeks plak kelompok apel menurun dari 2,04 menjadi 1,52, sedangkan kelompok nanas menurun dari 2,08 menjadi 1,32. Hasil uji paired t-test menunjukkan terdapat penurunan indeks plak yang signifikan pada kedua kelompok dengan p-value 0,001. Perbandingan penurunan indeks plak antara kedua kelompok menunjukkan p-value 0,018, sehingga terdapat perbedaan efektivitas antara mengunyah apel dan nanas. Kesimpulan: Mengunyah buah apel dan buah nanas sama-sama efektif menurunkan indeks plak gigi, namun mengunyah buah nanas menunjukkan penurunan indeks plak yang lebih besar pada data contoh ini. Edukasi kesehatan gigi perlu menekankan bahwa konsumsi buah berserat dapat menjadi upaya tambahan, tetapi tidak menggantikan kebiasaan menyikat gigi dan membersihkan sela gigi secara teratur.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). About periodontal (gum) disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. (2025). Periodontal (gum) disease. National Institutes of Health.

Rubido, S., Garcia-Caballero, L., Abeleira, M. T., Limeres, J., Garcia, M., & Diz, P. (2018). Effect of chewing an apple on dental plaque removal and on salivary bacterial viability. PLOS ONE, 13(7), e0199812. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199812

Silness, J., & Loe, H. (1964). Periodontal disease in pregnancy II: Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 22, 121-135.

World Health Organization. (2025). Oral health. World Health Organization.

Ansari, F., Chaudhary, S., & Pokharkar, V. (2024). The effect of an oral spray containing an extract of pineapple (bromelain) on dental plaque and gingival inflammation in children: A crossover randomized controlled study. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 14(3), 2566-2571.

Notoatmodjo, S. (2012). Promosi kesehatan dan perilaku kesehatan. Rineka Cipta.

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Published

2026-03-01

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): APRIL 2022

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