AKSI CEGAH STUNTING MENUJU GENERASI EMAS DESA TUALANG LAMA KECAMATAN DELENG PORKHKISEN KABUPATEN ACEH TENGGARA 2023
Abstract
Kekurangan energi pada seseorang merupakan indikasi kekurangan zat gizi lain, apabila kondisi ini dibiarkan dalam jangka waktu lama maka akan mengakibatkan penurunan berat badan atau keadaan gizi kurang sehingga mengakibatkan terhambatnya proses pertumbuhan tinggi badan. Kekurangan protein menyebabkan retardasi pertumbuhan dan kematangan tulang karena protein adalah zat gizi yang essensial dalam pertumbuhan. Meskipun asupan energi cukup, apabila asupan protein kurang maka akan menghambat pertumbuhan pada balita, kemudian bila kekurangan zat besi dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada sistem kekebalan tubuh (Damayanti et al., 2016). Dampak buruk yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh masalah gizi pada balita dalam jangka pendek adalah terganggunya perkembangan otak, kecerdasan, gangguan pertumbuhan fisik, dan gangguan metabolisme dalam tubuh. Sedangkan dalam jangka panjang akibat buruk yang dapat ditimbulkan adalah menurunnya kemampuan kognitif dan prestasi belajar, menurunnya kekebalan tubuh sehingga mudah sakit, dan risiko tinggi untuk munculnya penyakit diabetes, kegemukan, penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah, kanker, stroke, dan disabilitas pada usia tua, serta kualitas kerja yang tidak kompetitif yang berakibat pada rendahnya produktivitas ekonomi (Swathma et al., 2016). Dalam upaya mencapai target penurunan prevalensi stunting maka Kementerian Kesehatan akan memfokuskan peningkatan gizi masyarakat yang telah tercantum pada Rencana Strategis (Renstra) Kemenkes tahun 2020-2024 dengan mengoptimalkan peran posyandu sebagai struktur terkecil dan terdepan dimana posyandu bisa menjangkau masyarakat secara langsung seperti dengan pemberian makanan tambahan kepada balita berupa telur ataupun susu (Kemenkes, 2019). Asupan gizi seimbang pada masa balita terutama selama belum menginjak usia 2 tahun adalah sangat penting, karena bayi masi bisa mengejar ketertinggalan pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya yaitu pertumbuhan tinggi badan dan berat badannya, tentunya dengan pemberian makanan yang tepat, ASI, MPASI yang sesuai dengan tahapan pertumbuhannya. Kurangnya asupan makanan yang memadai berpeluang mengakibatkan terjadinya stunting. Asupan gizi secara langsung dipengaruhi oleh pola makan. Pola makan yang baik akan menjamin asupan gizi yang adekuat dan selanjutnya mempengaruhi status gizi yang baik pula.
Kata Kunci: Stunting, Generasi Emas
Lack of energy in a person is an indication of lack of other nutrients, if this condition is left for a long time it will result in weight loss or malnutrition resulting in inhibition of the process of height growth. Protein deficiency causes growth retardation and bone maturity because protein is an essential nutrient in growth. Although energy intake is sufficient, if protein intake is less it will inhibit growth in toddlers, then if iron deficiency can cause disorders of the immune system (Damayanti et al., 2016). The adverse effects that can be caused by nutritional problems in toddlers in the short term are disruption of brain development, intelligence, impaired physical growth, and metabolic disorders in the body. While in the long run the adverse consequences that can be caused are decreased cognitive abilities and learning achievement, decreased immunity so that it is easy to get sick, and a high risk for the emergence of diabetes, obesity, heart and blood vessel disease, cancer, stroke, and disability in old age, as well as uncompetitive work quality which results in low economic productivity (Swathma et al., 2016). In an effort to achieve the target of reducing stunting prevalence, the Ministry of Health will focus on improving community nutrition as stated in the Ministry of Health's Strategic Plan (Renstra) for 2020-2024 by optimizing the role of posyandu as the smallest and leading structure where posyandu can reach the community directly, such as by providing additional food to toddlers in the form of eggs or milk (Ministry of Health, 2019). Balanced nutritional intake during toddlerhood, especially as long as it has not stepped on the age of 2 years is very important, because babies can still catch up with their growth and development, namely the growth of height and weight, of course with proper feeding, breast milk, complementary foods in accordance with the stages of growth. Lack of adequate food intake has the opportunity to lead to stunting. Nutritional intake is directly influenced by diet. A good diet will ensure adequate nutritional intake and further affect good nutritional status as well.
Keywords: stunting, golden generation
References
Damayanti, R. A., Muniroh, L., & Farapti, F. (2016). Perbedaan tingkat kecukupan zat gizi dan riwayat Pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada Balita Stunting dan Non Stunting. Media Gizi Indonesia, 11(1), 61–69.
Diniyyah, S. R., & Nindya, T. S. (2017). Asupan energi, protein dan lemak dengan kejadian gizi kurang pada balita usia 24-59 bulan di Desa Suci, Gresik. Amerta Nutrition, 1(4), 341–350.
Kemenkes, R. I. (2019). Buletin SDM Kesehatan Edisi Desember 2019. Buletin SDM Kesehatan.
Swathma, D., Lestari, H., & Ardiansyah, R. T. (2016). Analisis Faktor Risiko BBLR, Panjang Badan Bayi Saat Lahir dan Riwayat Imunisasi Dasar terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 12-36 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kandai Kota kendari Tahun 2016. (Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kesehatan
Masyarakat), 1(3).
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