Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Dengan Mekanisme Koping Keluarga Yang Memiliki Anak Retardasi Mental di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Kota Banda Aceh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v9i2.3420Abstrak
Retardasi mental merupakan keadaan taraf perkembangan kecerdasan dibawah normal sejak lahir atau masa anak-anak, biasanya terdapat perkembangan mental yang kurang secara keseluruhan. Prevalensi retardasi mental pada anak di dunia sebesar 14,8%. Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2018 prevalensi gangguan mental emosional (cacat mental) di Indonesia sebesar 9,8% meningkat dibandingkan tahun 2013 sebesar 6%. Prevalensi disabilitas pada anak usia 5-17 tahun di Indonesia sebesar 3,3% dan retardasi mental sudah termasuk didalamnya. Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan sosial dengan mekanisme koping keluarga yang memiliki anak retardasi mental di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Kota Banda Aceh tahun 2023. Metode penelitian ini bersifat Analitik dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 50 orang dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 orang tua yang memiliki anak retardasi mental, tekhnik pengambilan sampel secara Total Sampling. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada tanggal 7-12 Januari 2023 dengan analisa univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 50 responden sebagian besar dukungan sosial pada kategori mendukung sebanyak 33 orang (66%) dan sebagian besar mekanisme koping pada kategori adaptif sebanyak 35 orang (70%) dengan p value 0,004, sehingga ada hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan mekanisme koping pada orang tua yang memiliki anak retardasi mental. Diharapkan untuk selalu meningkatkan pengetahuan dengan menggali informasi tentang retardasi mental serta meningkatkan mekanisme koping dalam menghadapi anak retardasi mental.
Kata kunci: Retardasi Mental, Mekanisme Koping, Dukungan Sosial
Intellectual disability or mental retardation is charcterized by below-average intelligence ability or mental ability and lack of skilss necessary for day-to-day living developing from birth or childhood. The world prevalence of mental retardation in children is 14.8%. The data from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2018 shows that the prevalences of mental emotional disorders (mental disability) in Indonesia was 9.8% of 6% from 2013. The prevalence of disability in children and mental retardation aged 5-17 years is 3.3%. This study aims to know the relationship between social support and coping mechanisms of families with intellectually disabled children in Special Schools (SLB) Banda Aceh, 2023. The research method wasÂ
analytical with a population of 50 parents. The sample was taken by using a total sampling technique with a total of 50 parents who have children with intellectual disabilities. The research conducted on January 7-12, 2023. Univariate and bivariate analyses used to analyze the data. The results show that of 50 respondents, 30 parents were in the supportive category. It means parents gave most of their social support to children with intellectual abilities. The findings also reveal that around 35 parents had the most coping mechanisms in the adaptive category (70%) p-value of 0.004. The results prove that there is a relationship between social support and coping mechanisms among parents of children with intellectual disabilities. This study recommends that parents to constantly broaden their knowledge by exploring more information on mental retardation and enhancing coping mechanisms when interacting with intellectually disabled kids.
Keywords: : Intellectual Disability, Coping Mechanisms, Social Support
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